<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8231</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aná. Psicológica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8231</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISPA-Instituto Universitário]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-82311999000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Experiência escolar e julgamentos acerca da autoridade]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Gouveia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara Sá]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISPA - Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada UIPCDE - Unidade de Investigação em Psicologia Cognitiva do Desenvolvimento e da Educação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-82311999000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-82311999000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-82311999000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Neste artigo apresentamos uma pesquisa sobre as atitudes dos adolescentes acerca da autoridade escolar e institucional. Argumentamos que a escola é uma fon-te de experiência neste domínio, proporcionando às crianças a sua primeira experiência das regras institucionais e as suas relações com os pares como fontes de referência no processo de construção das orientações face à autoridade escolar e formal dum modo geral. Um total de 337 adolescentes foram questionados sobre 2 escalas diferentes (Emler & Reicher, 1987; Rubini & Palmonari, 1995): 1) avaliação da experiência escolar subjectiva e 2) atitudes acerca da autoridade institucional. Foram analisadas algumas variáveis: sexo, estatuto académico, estatuto disciplinar, pertença ao tipo de grupo (formal vs informal) e o grau de identificação com o grupo de pares. Da análise factorial em componentes principais foram extraídas 6 dimensões: (In)Adaptação às regras escolares, (In)Segurança face à avaliação escolar, Auto-estima em função da experiência escolar e Positividade face ao sistema legal e à autoridade escolar, Deveres/transgressões face à autoridade institucional e Parcialidade da autoridade legal. Os resultados através da MANOVA evidenciaram influência a nível de cinco dimensões extraídas da análise factorial em função das variáveis: sexo, rendimento escolar, estatuto académico, estatuto disciplinar. Os resultados indicaram, também, que as orientações face à autoridade depende do grau de identificação com o grupo de pares.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this paper we present a research about adolescents’ development attitudes towards formal authority in the school and in the public domain (police and law). We argue that school is an important source of experience in this area, providing most young people with their first close-up view of organisational rules, and their relationships with peer groups, as important supporting points of reference in the process of construction attitudes towards school authority and to formal authority in general. A total of 337 adolescents, aged between 14 and 18 years, were questioned about aspects of three different scales (Emler & Reicher, 1987; Rubini & Palmonari, 1995): subjective school’s valuation, attitudes to institutional authority. Data derived from the study of several variables: sex, school auto-estimated success, academic status (reprove or not reprove school years), disciplinary status (being expulse from the classroom), to which type of peer group do they belong (formal versus informal) and peers’ group identification degree. Factor analysis yielded six factors - Inadaptation to school rules, Insecurity towards school valuation, Self-esteem in funtion of the school experience, Positive attitudes towards the legal system and school authority, Duties/transgression towards institutional authority, and Partiality of legal authorities. Both overall attitude scores and factor scores were significantly related (MANOVA analysis) to: sex, school auto-estimated success, academic status and disciplinary status. Finally, analysis of the results indicate also that the attitude towards institutional authority may depend on the type of peer group, that young people belong, as well as identification’s degree.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Adolescência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[autoridade institucional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[institucional authority]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P><b>Experi&ecirc;ncia escolar e julgamentos acerca da autoridade</b></P>      <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="right">Maria Gouveia Pereira <a name="top1"></a>(<a href="#1">*</a>)  </P>     <P align="right">Sara S&aacute; Pires <a name="top2"></a>(<a href="#2">**</a>)  </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">RESUMO</P>     <P>Neste artigo apresentamos uma pesquisa sobre      as atitudes dos adolescentes acerca da autoridade escolar e institucional.      Argumentamos que a escola &eacute; uma fon-te de experi&ecirc;ncia neste dom&iacute;nio,      proporcionando &agrave;s crian&ccedil;as a sua primeira experi&ecirc;ncia      das regras institucionais e as suas rela&ccedil;&otilde;es com os pares como      fontes de refer&ecirc;ncia no processo de constru&ccedil;&atilde;o das orienta&ccedil;&otilde;es      face &agrave; autoridade escolar e formal dum modo geral. Um total de 337      adolescentes foram questionados sobre 2 escalas diferentes (Emler & Reicher,      1987; Rubini & Palmonari, 1995): 1) avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o da experi&ecirc;ncia      escolar subjectiva e 2) atitudes acerca da autoridade institucional. Foram      analisadas algumas vari&aacute;veis: sexo, estatuto acad&eacute;mico, estatuto      disciplinar, perten&ccedil;a ao tipo de grupo (formal vs informal) e o grau      de identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o com o grupo de pares. Da an&aacute;lise factorial      em componentes principais foram extra&iacute;das 6 dimens&otilde;es: (In)Adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o      &agrave;s regras escolares, (In)Seguran&ccedil;a face &agrave; avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o      escolar, Auto-estima em fun&ccedil;&atilde;o da experi&ecirc;ncia escolar      e Positividade face ao sistema legal e &agrave; autoridade escolar, Deveres/transgress&otilde;es      face &agrave; autoridade institucional e Parcialidade da autoridade legal.      Os resultados atrav&eacute;s da MANOVA evidenciaram influ&ecirc;ncia a n&iacute;vel      de cinco dimens&otilde;es extra&iacute;das da an&aacute;lise factorial em      fun&ccedil;&atilde;o das vari&aacute;veis: sexo, rendimento escolar, estatuto      acad&eacute;mico, estatuto disciplinar. Os resultados indicaram, tamb&eacute;m,      que as orienta&ccedil;&otilde;es face &agrave; autoridade depende do grau      de identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o com o grupo de pares. </P>     <P><I>Palavras-chave</I>: Adolesc&ecirc;ncia, autoridade institucional. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">ABSTRACT </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>In this paper we present a research about      adolescents&rsquo; development attitudes towards formal authority in the school      and in the public domain (police and law). We argue that school is an important      source of experience in this area, providing most young people with their      first close-up view of organisational rules, and their relationships with      peer groups, as important supporting points of reference in the process of      construction attitudes towards school authority and to formal authority in      general. A total of 337 adolescents, aged between 14 and 18 years, were questioned      about aspects of three different scales (Emler & Reicher, 1987; Rubini & Palmonari,      1995): subjective school&rsquo;s valuation, attitudes to institutional authority.      Data derived from the study of several variables: sex, school auto-estimated      success, academic status (reprove or not reprove school years), disciplinary      status (being expulse from the classroom), to which type of peer group do      they belong (formal versus informal) and peers&rsquo; group identification      degree. Factor analysis yielded six factors &ndash; Inadaptation to school      rules, Insecurity towards school valuation, Self-esteem in funtion of the      school experience, Positive attitudes towards the legal system and school      authority, Duties/transgression towards institutional authority, and Partiality      of legal authorities. Both overall attitude scores and factor scores were      significantly related (MANOVA analysis) to: sex, school auto-estimated success,      academic status and disciplinary status. Finally, analysis of the results      indicate also that the attitude towards institutional authority may depend      on the type of peer group, that young people belong, as well as identification&rsquo;s      degree. </P>     <P><I>Key words</I>: Adolescence, institucional      authority. </P>       <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <P align="center">REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS</P>     <!-- ref --><P>Coleman, J., & Hendry, L. (1990). <I>The nature of adolescence</I>.        London: Routledge. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000020&pid=S0870-8231199900010001000001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P>Emler, N., Ohana, J., & Moscovici, S. (1987). Children&rsquo;s beliefs about    institucional roles: A cross-na-tional study of representions of the teacher&rsquo;s    role. <I>British Journal of Educational Psychology, 57</I>, 26-37. </P>     <P>Emler, N., & Reicher, S. (1987). Orientations to institutional authority in adolescence.        <I>Journal of Moral Education, 16 </I>(2), 108-116. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Emler, N., & James, A. (1994). Carri&egrave;res scolaires et attitudes envers        l&rsquo;autorit&eacute; formelle. <I>L&rsquo;Orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle,        23 </I>(3), 335-367. </P>     <P>Emler, N., & Reicher, S. (1995). <I>Adolescence and delinquency</I>. Oxford:        Blackwell. </P>     <P>Palmonari, A., Pombeni, M. L., & Kirchler, E. (1989). Peer groups and evolution        of the self-system in adolescence. <I>European Journal of Psychology of        Education, 4</I>, 3-15. </P>     <P>Palmonari, A. (1993). <I>Psicologia dell&rsquo;adolescenza</I>. Bologna: Il Mulino.  </P>     <P>Palmonari, A., & Rubini, M. (1998). Adolescenti, scuola e rapporto con le autorit&agrave;        istituzionali. Il cambiamento imperfetto. <I>I ciatadini, le comunicazione        politica, I leader nell&rsquo;Italia degli anni novanta </I>(pp. 209-217).        A cura di Francesco Paolo Colluci, Edizione Unicopli. </P>     <P>Reicher, S., & Emler, N. (1985). Delinquent behaviour and attitudes to formal        authority. <I>British Journal of Social Psychology, 24</I>, 161-168. </P>     <P>Rodriguez-Tom&eacute;, H., & Bariaud, F. (1990). Anxiety in adolescence: Sources        and reactions. In H. Bosma, & S. Jackson (Eds.), <I>Coping and self-concept        in adolescence</I>. Berlin: Springer. </P>     <P>Rubini, M., & Palmonari, A. (1995). Orientamenti verso le autorit&agrave; formali        e participazione politica degli adolescenti. <I>Giornale Italiano di Psicologia,        5</I>, 757-775. </P>     <P>Rubini, M., Casoni, E., & Palazzi, M. (1998). <I>Il ruolo del disagio scolastico        e delle regole di gruppo nell&rsquo; influenziare l&rsquo;orientamento verso        le autorit&agrave; istituzionali</I>. Comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o apresentada        no Congresso Nacional de Psicologia Social da AIP, Firenze. </P>     <P>Rubini, M., & Palmonari, A. (1998). <I>Scuola e atteggiamenti verso le istituzioni.        Adolescenti e prevenzione</I>. Bologna: Comocei Editore. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>&nbsp;</P>     <P><a name="1"></a>(<a href="#top1">*</a>) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada.    Membro da UIPCDE.</P>     <P><a name="2"></a>(<a href="#top2">**</a>) Psic&oacute;loga. </P>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hendry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The nature of adolescence]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
