<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8231</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aná. Psicológica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8231</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISPA-Instituto Universitário]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-82312000000300006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Sobre o choro: análise de perspectivas teóricas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Sofia Correia Dos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>325</fpage>
<lpage>334</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-82312000000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-82312000000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-82312000000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O choro tem sido vastamente estudado como indicador de diagnóstico de desordens de foro neurológico. Contudo, os contributos dos teóricos preocupados com a interacção mãe-bebé sugerem, ainda que indirectamente, a importância desta manifestação - choro - no contexto da relação entre o bebé e uma figura privilegiada. Lebovici sublinha, aliás, a importância do choro neste contexto quando diz: &laquo;basta imaginar o que seria a tarefa dos pais na ausência dos gritos: eles deveriam então adivinhar quando o bebé tem fome, quando ele está sujo, e quais são as suas diversas necessidades e desconfortos. Em definitivo, uma situação no primeiro contacto mais calma e menos ansiogénea, seria uma realidade mais preocupante, pois então ela constrangeria os pais a se interrogarem quase de maneira permanente sobre o estado do bebé.&raquo; (Lebovici, 1987). Esta reflexão eminentemente teórica, que desenvolvo, procura enquadrar o choro numa série de modelos teóricos diferentes e, a partir dessas abordagens, discutir a sua importância e função, no domínio da interacção mãe-bebé.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Infant crying has been vastly studied as a diagnostic indicator of neurologic disorders. However, contributes from mother-infant interaction theory suggest, even though indirectly, the value of this manifestation - crying - in the context of the mother-infant relationship. Lebovici underlines the importance of crying in this context when he says: &laquo;it is enough to imagine what would be the parents task without infant crying: they would have to be constantly guessing when the baby is hungry, when he is dirty, and what are his various needs and discomforts. Undoubtedly, a more calm and less anxious situation, at first view, would be a more preoccupying reality, because it would constrain parents to be permanently interrogating themselves about the baby condition.&raquo; (Lebovici, 1987). The present theorical reflection attempts to frame infant crying in different theorical models and, from those approaches, to discuss its value and function, in mother-infant interaction domain.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[choro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[interacção mãe-bebé]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infant crying]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mother-child interaction]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P><b>Sobre o choro: An&aacute;lise de perspectivas te&oacute;ricas </b></P>     <P align="justify">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="right"><I>ANA SOFIA CORREIA DOS SANTOS <a name="top1"></a>(<a href="#1">*</a>)    </I></P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">RESUMO</P>     <P>O choro tem sido vastamente estudado como indicador de diagn&oacute;stico de    desordens de foro neurol&oacute;gico. Contudo, os contributos dos te&oacute;ricos    preocupados com a interac&ccedil;&atilde;o m&atilde;e-beb&eacute; sugerem, ainda    que indirectamente, a import&acirc;ncia desta manifesta&ccedil;&atilde;o - choro    - no contexto da rela&ccedil;&atilde;o entre o beb&eacute; e uma figura privilegiada.    Lebovici sublinha, ali&aacute;s, a import&acirc;ncia do choro neste contexto    quando diz: &laquo;basta imaginar o que seria a tarefa dos pais na aus&ecirc;ncia    dos gritos: eles deveriam ent&atilde;o adivinhar quando o beb&eacute; tem fome,    quando ele est&aacute; sujo, e quais s&atilde;o as suas diversas necessidades    e desconfortos. Em definitivo, uma situa&ccedil;&atilde;o no primeiro contacto    mais calma e menos ansiog&eacute;nea, seria uma realidade mais preocupante,    pois ent&atilde;o ela constrangeria os pais a se interrogarem quase de maneira    permanente sobre o estado do beb&eacute;.&raquo; (Lebovici, 1987). </p>       <P>Esta reflex&atilde;o eminentemente te&oacute;rica,      que desenvolvo, procura enquadrar o choro numa s&eacute;rie de modelos te&oacute;ricos      diferentes e, a partir dessas abordagens, discutir a sua import&acirc;ncia      e fun&ccedil;&atilde;o, no dom&iacute;nio da interac&ccedil;&atilde;o m&atilde;e-beb&eacute;. </P>     <P><I>Palavras-chave</I>: choro, interac&ccedil;&atilde;o m&atilde;e-beb&eacute;.</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P align="center">ABSTRACT</P>     <P>Infant crying has been vastly studied as a diagnostic indicator of neurologic    disorders. However, contributes from mother-infant interaction theory suggest,    even though indirectly, the value of this manifestation - crying - in the context    of the mother-infant relationship. Lebovici underlines the importance of crying    in this context when he says: &laquo;it is enough to imagine what would be the    parents task without infant crying: they would have to be constantly guessing    when the baby is hungry, when he is dirty, and what are his various needs and    discomforts. Undoubtedly, a more calm and less anxious situation, at first view,    would be a more preoccupying reality, because it would constrain parents to    be permanently interrogating themselves about the baby condition.&raquo; (Lebovici,    1987). </P>       <P>The present theorical reflection attempts to      frame infant crying in different theorical models and, from those approaches,      to discuss its value and function, in mother-infant interaction domain. </P>     <P><I>Key words</I>: infant crying, mother-child interaction. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format. </p>           <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS </P>     <!-- ref --><P>Ainsworth, M. (1969). Object relations, dependency, and attachment: A theoretical    review of the mother-infant relationship. <I>Child Development, 40</I>, 969-1025.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000022&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Anzieu, D. (1976). <I>L'enveloppe sonore du soi</I>. Paris: La Nouvelle Revue    de Psychanalyse. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000023&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Anzieu, D. (1979). Para uma psicolingu&iacute;stica psicanal&iacute;tica: breve      balan&ccedil;o e quest&otilde;es preliminares. In D. Anzieu, B. Gibello, R.      Gori, et al. (Eds.), <I>Psican&aacute;lise e linguagem </I>(pp. 9-24). Lisboa:      Moraes Editores. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000024&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Anzieu, D. (1985). <I>Le moi-peau</I>. Paris: Dunod. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000025&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Barr, R. G. (1990). The early crying paradox. <I>Human Nature, 1 </I>(4), 355-389. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000026&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Basden, G. T. (1966). <I>Among the Ibos of Nigeria</I>. London: Frank Cass &      Co. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000027&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Bell, S. M., & Ainsworth, M. S. (1972). Infant crying and maternal responsiveness.      <I>Child Development, 43</I>, 1171-1190. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000028&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Bettelheim, B. (1987). <I>A fortaleza vazia</I>. S&atilde;o Paulo: Ed. Martins      Fontes. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000029&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Bowlby, J. (1984). <I>Apego</I>. S&atilde;o Paulo: Ed. Martins Fontes. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000030&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Brazelton, T. B. (1962). Crying in infancy. <I>Pediatrics, 29</I>, 579-588. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000031&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Brazelton, T. B. (1981). Comportement et comp&eacute;tence do noveau-n&eacute;.    <I>Psychiatrie de L'Enfant, 2</I>, 375-397. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000032&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Brazelton, T. B., & Cramer, B. G. (1989). <I>The earliest relationship</I>. USA:      Publishing Company. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000033&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Bustamante, J., Cuervo, J., & Moreno, J. (1992). The function of feeding chases      in the chin strap penguin, Pygoscelis antartica. <I>Animal Behavior, 44</I>,      753-759. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000034&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Crowe, H., & Zeskind, P. (1992). Psychophysiological and perceptual responses      to infant cries varying in pitch: Comparison of adults with low and high scores      on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. <I>Child Abuse Neglect, 16, </I>19-29. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000035&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1995). Discriminative parental solicitude and the relevance      of evolutionary models to the analysis of motivacional systems. In M. S. Gazzaniga      (Ed.), <I>The cognitive neuroscience </I>(pp. 1269-1286). Cambridge, MA: MIT      Press. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000036&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Donzelli, G., Rapisardi, G., Moroni, M., Scarano, E., Ismaelli, A., & Bruscaglioni,      P. (1995). Neurodevelopmental prognostic significance of early cry analysis      in preterm infants. <I>Pediatric Research, 38</I>, 432. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Figueiredo, E., & Pa&uacute;l, C. (1985). Screaming and weeping in children within      the age groups of 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months. <I>Acta Psiqui&aacute;trica      Portuguesa, 31</I>, 17-25. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000038&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Freud, S. (1988). <I>A interpreta&ccedil;&atilde;o dos sonhos </I>(Vol III).      Lisboa: Ed. Livreiros, Lda. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000039&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Frodi, A. M., Lamb, M. E., Leavitt, L. A. et al. (1978). Fathers and mothers      responses to the faces and cries of normal and premature infants. <I>Developmental      Psychology, 14 </I>(5), 490-498. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000040&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Frodi, A. (1981). Contribution of infant characteristics to child abuse. <I>American      Journal of Mental Deficiency, 85</I>, 341-349. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000041&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Frodi, A. (1985). When empathy fails: Aversive infant crying and child abuse.      In B. Lester & C. Boukydis (Eds.), <I>Infant crying </I>(pp. 107-123). New      York: Plenum. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000042&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600021&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Furlow, F. B. (1997). Human neonatal cry quality as an honest signal of fitness.      <I>Evolutional Human Behavior, 18</I>, 175-193. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000043&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600022&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Gibello, B. (1979). Fantasma, linguagem, natureza: tr&ecirc;s tipos de realidade.    In D. Anzieu, B. Gibello, R. Gori et al. (Eds.), <I>Psican&aacute;lise e linguagem    </I>(pp. 45-57). Lisboa: Morais Editores. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000044&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600023&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Godfray, H. (1991). Signaling of need by offspring to their parents. <I>Nature      </I>(London), <I>352</I>, 328-330. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000045&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600024&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Gomes Pedro, J. (1985). O comportamento do rec&eacute;m-nascido (3): est&aacute;dios    e a actividade motora. <I>Jornal de Psicologia, 4 </I>(4), 19-26. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000046&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600025&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Gori, R. (1979). Entre grito e linguagem: o acto da fala. In D. Anzieu, B. Gibello,      R. Gori, et al. (Eds.), <I>Psican&aacute;lise e linguagem </I>(pp. 103-104).      Lisboa: Moraes Editores. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000047&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600026&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Grafen, A. (1990). Biological signals as handicaps. J<I>ournal of Theoretical      Biology, 144</I>, 517-546. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000048&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600027&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Grossman, K. E., & Grossman, K. (1991). Attachement quality as an organizer of      emotional and behaviour responses in a longitudinal perspective In C. M. Parkes,      J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Harris (Eds.), <I>Attachement across the life cycle      </I>(pp. 93-98). London e New York: Ed. Tavistock e Routledge. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000049&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600028&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Lebovici, S. (1987). <I>O beb&eacute;, a m&atilde;e e o psicanalista</I>. Porto      Alegre: Artes M&eacute;dicas. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000050&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600029&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Lester, B. (1987). Developmental outcome prediction from acoustic cry analysis      in term and preterm infants. <I>Pediatrics, 80</I>, 529-534. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000051&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600030&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Luzes, P. (1983). <I>Da emo&ccedil;&atilde;o ao pensamento</I>. Disserta&ccedil;&atilde;o      de doutoramento n&atilde;o publicada, Lisboa: Universidade de Lisboa. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000052&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600031&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Lyon, B., Eadle, J., & Hamilton, L. (1994). Parental choice selects for ornamental      plumage in American coot chicks. <I>Nature </I>(London), <I>371</I>, 240-243. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000053&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600032&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Malson, L. (1978). <I>As crian&ccedil;as selvagens</I>. Porto: Livraria Civiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000054&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600033&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Morley, C., Thornton, A., Cole, T., Fowler, M., & Hewson, P. (1991). Symptoms      and signs in infants younger than 6 months of age correlated with severity      of their illnesses. <I>Pediatrics, 88</I>, 1119-1124. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000055&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600034&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Murray, A. D. (1979). Infant crying as an elicitor of parental behaviour: an      examination of two models. <I>Psychological Bulletin, 86 </I>(1), 191-215.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000056&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600035&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Newman, J. (1985). The infant cry in primates: An evolutionary perspective. In      B. Lester & C. Boukydis (Eds.), <I>Infant crying </I>(pp. 307-323). New York:      Plenum. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000057&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600036&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Rouchouse, J. C. (1981). &Eacute;thologie de l'enfant et observation des mimiques    chez le nourisson. <I>Psychiatrie de L'Enfant, 1</I>, 203-249. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000058&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600037&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Spitz, R. A. (1988). <I>O primeiro ano de vida </I>(5.&ordf; ed.). S&atilde;o      Paulo: Ed. Martins Fontes. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000059&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600038&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Widmayer, S. M., & Field, T. M. (1981). Effects of Brazelton demonstrations for      mothers on the development of preterm infants. <I>Pediatrics, 67 </I>(5),      711-714. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000060&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600039&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Winnicott, D. W. (1957). <I>The child and the family: first relationships.    </I>London: Tavistock. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000061&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600040&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Winnicott, D. W. (1988). <I>Os beb&eacute;s e as suas m&atilde;es</I>. S&atilde;o    Paulo: Ed. Martins Fontes. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000062&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600041&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Winnicott, D. W. (1989). <I>De la pediatrie &agrave; la psychanalyse </I>(2.&ordf;    ed.). Paris: Ed. Payot. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000063&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600042&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Zahavi, A. (1975). Mate selection - A selection for a handicap. <I>Journal    of Theoretical Biology, 53</I>, 205-214. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000064&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600043&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Zahn-Waxler, C., Friedman, S. L., & Mark, E. (1983). Children's emotions and    behaviours in response to infants' cries. <I>Child Development, 54</I>, 1522-1528.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000065&pid=S0870-8231200000030000600044&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P>&nbsp;</P>     <p><a name="1"></a>(<a href="#top1">*</a>) Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ci&ecirc;ncias    da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o da Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade,    1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal. </p>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ainsworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Object relations, dependency, and attachment: A theoretical review of the mother-infant relationship]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Child Development]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>969-1025</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anzieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[L'enveloppe sonore du soi]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Nouvelle Revue de Psychanalyse]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anzieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Para uma psicolinguística psicanalítica: breve balanço e questões preliminares]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anzieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicanálise e linguagem]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<page-range>9-24</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Moraes Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anzieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Le moi-peau]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dunod]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The early crying paradox]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Human Nature]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>355-389</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Among the Ibos of Nigeria]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Frank Cass & Co]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ainsworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Infant crying and maternal responsiveness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Child Development]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1171-1190</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bettelheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A fortaleza vazia]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ed. Martins Fontes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowlby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Apego]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ed. Martins Fontes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brazelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Crying in infancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>579-588</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brazelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Comportement et compétence do noveau-né]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychiatrie de L'Enfant]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>375-397</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brazelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The earliest relationship]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Publishing Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuervo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The function of feeding chases in the chin strap penguin, Pygoscelis antartica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Animal Behavior]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>753-759</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeskind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Psychophysiological and perceptual responses to infant cries varying in pitch: Comparison of adults with low and high scores on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Child Abuse Neglect]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>19-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Discriminative parental solicitude and the relevance of evolutionary models to the analysis of motivacional systems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gazzaniga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The cognitive neuroscience]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>1269-1286</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge^eMA MA]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donzelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rapisardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ismaelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruscaglioni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Neurodevelopmental prognostic significance of early cry analysis in preterm infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatric Research]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>432</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueiredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paúl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Screaming and weeping in children within the age groups of 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Psiquiátrica Portuguesa]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>17-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A interpretação dos sonhos]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>III</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ed. Livreiros, Lda.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frodi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leavitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fathers and mothers responses to the faces and cries of normal and premature infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Developmental Psychology]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>490-498</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frodi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Contribution of infant characteristics to child abuse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Mental Deficiency]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>341-349</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frodi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[When empathy fails: Aversive infant crying and child abuse]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boukydis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Infant crying]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>107-123</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plenum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Human neonatal cry quality as an honest signal of fitness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Evolutional Human Behavior]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>175-193</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Fantasma, linguagem, natureza: três tipos de realidade]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anzieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicanálise e linguagem]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<page-range>45-57</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Morais Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godfray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Signaling of need by offspring to their parents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>352</volume>
<page-range>328-330</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes Pedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O comportamento do recém-nascido (3): estádios e a actividade motora]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jornal de Psicologia]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>19-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Entre grito e linguagem: o acto da fala]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anzieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicanálise e linguagem]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<page-range>103-104</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Moraes Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grafen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Biological signals as handicaps]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Theoretical Biology]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<page-range>517-546</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grossman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grossman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Attachement quality as an organizer of emotional and behaviour responses in a longitudinal perspective]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parkes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevenson-Hinde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Attachement across the life cycle]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<page-range>93-98</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[LondonNew York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ed. Tavistock e Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lebovici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[O bebé, a mãe e o psicanalista]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Porto Alegre ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Artes Médicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Developmental outcome prediction from acoustic cry analysis in term and preterm infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>529-534</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luzes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Da emoção ao pensamento]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eadle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Parental choice selects for ornamental plumage in American coot chicks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>371</volume>
<page-range>240-243</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[As crianças selvagens]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Porto ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Livraria Civilização]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thornton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fowler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hewson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Symptoms and signs in infants younger than 6 months of age correlated with severity of their illnesses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>1119-1124</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Infant crying as an elicitor of parental behaviour: an examination of two models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>191-215</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The infant cry in primates: An evolutionary perspective]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boukydis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Infant crying]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>307-323</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plenum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rouchouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Éthologie de l'enfant et observation des mimiques chez le nourisson]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychiatrie de L'Enfant]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>203-249</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[O primeiro ano de vida]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<edition>5</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ed. Martins Fontes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Widmayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Field]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of Brazelton demonstrations for mothers on the development of preterm infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>711-714</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winnicott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The child and the family: first relationships]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tavistock]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winnicott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Os bebés e as suas mães]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ed. Martins Fontes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winnicott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De la pediatrie à la psychanalyse]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ed. Payot]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zahavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mate selection: A selection for a handicap]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Theoretical Biology]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>205-214</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zahn-Waxler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Children's emotions and behaviours in response to infants' cries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Child Development]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>1522-1528</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
