<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8231</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aná. Psicológica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8231</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISPA-Instituto Universitário]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-82312001000400006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The great importance of the distinction between declarative and procedural knowledge]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiamu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Shantou Radio & TV University Foreign Languages Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>China</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>559</fpage>
<lpage>566</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-82312001000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-82312001000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-82312001000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[So far as we know, apparently the declarative knowledge interacts and combines with the procedural knowledge. But seen from a cognitively psychological point of view, it seems important, as this paper claims, to make a distinction between these two aspects of knowledge. The implication of this distinction for teachers or educators lies in that it helps make clear what human beings are endowed with, how differently they function, and how to adapt human beings more adequately to what are offered with, in an attempt to help students optimize or maximize their learning results. According to the points suggested by this paper, being able to distinguish between the two types of knowledge can enhance teacher's awareness of the teaching methods to be adopted, bring into full play more positive factors of each of the two types of knowledge, and may reveal some more human potential resources to be tapped.]]></p></abstract>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P><b>The great importance of the distinction between declarative and procedural    knowledge </b></P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="right"><I>CHEN JIAMU <a name="top1"></a>(<a href="#1">*</a>) </I></P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">ABSTRACT</P>     <P>So far as we know, apparently the declarative knowledge interacts and combines    with the procedural knowledge. But seen from a cognitively psychological point    of view, it seems important, as this paper claims, to make a distinction between    these two aspects of knowledge. The implication of this distinction for teachers    or educators lies in that it helps make clear what human beings are endowed    with, how differently they function, and how to adapt human beings more adequately    to what are offered with, in an attempt to help students optimize or maximize    their learning results. According to the points suggested by this paper, being    able to distinguish between the two types of knowledge can enhance teacher's    awareness of the teaching methods to be adopted, bring into full play more positive    factors of each of the two types of knowledge, and may reveal some more human    potential resources to be tapped.</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format. </p>           <P>&nbsp;</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P align="center">REFERENCES </P>       <!-- ref --><P>Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999). The      unbearable automoticity of being. <I>American Psychologist, 45</I>, 462-479. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000014&pid=S0870-8231200100040000600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Bloom, B. S. (1986). Automoticity: The hands      and feet of genius. <I>Educational Leadership, 43 </I>(5), 70-77.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000015&pid=S0870-8231200100040000600002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P> Carroll, D. W. (1999). <I>Psychology of language</I>,      3rd ed.. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000016&pid=S0870-8231200100040000600003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Ericsson, K. A., & Lehmann, A. C. (1996). Expert      and exceptional performance: Evidence of maximal adptation to task constraints.      <I>Annu. Rev. Psychology, 47</I>, 273-305.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000017&pid=S0870-8231200100040000600004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>Gagn&eacute;, E. D., Yekovich, C. W., & Yekovich,      F. R.(1993). <I>The cognitive psychology of school learning</I>. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000018&pid=S0870-8231200100040000600005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>Yates, G., & Chandler, M. (1994). Prior knowledge      and how it influences classroom learning: What does the research tell us?      <I>Set: Research Information for Teachers, Issue 2, Item 6</I>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000019&pid=S0870-8231200100040000600006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P><a name="1"></a>(<a href="#top1">*</a>) Foreign Languages Department, Shantou    Radio & TV University, China.</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bargh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chartrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The unbearable automoticity of being]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Psychologist]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>462-479</page-range></nlm-citation>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
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</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Automoticity: The hands and feet of genius]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educational Leadership]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>70-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psychology of language]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brooks/Cole Publishing Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
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<surname><![CDATA[Ericsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
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</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Expert and exceptional performance: Evidence of maximal adptation to task constraints]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annu. Rev. Psychology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>273-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
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<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
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<surname><![CDATA[Gagné]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yekovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yekovich]]></surname>
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</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The cognitive psychology of school learning]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
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</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prior knowledge and how it influences classroom learning: What does the research tell us?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Set: Research Information for Teachers]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
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</back>
</article>
