LUZIA TRAVADO (*)
RUTE PIRES (*)
VILMA MARTINS (*)
CIDÁLIA VENTURA (*)
SÓNIA CUNHA (*)
RESUMO
]]> A obesidade mórbida (OM) é uma versão patológica de obesidade considerada um grave problema de saúde para os indivíduos que dela sofrem. O seu tratamento deve ser baseado numa abordagem biopsicossocial do indivíduo e do seu processo de doença que assegure o êxito do tratamento, a curto e longo prazo. A abordagem psicológica de cariz cognitivocomportamental estrutura-se ao longo das 3 principais fases do processo de tratamento: (1) pré-cirurgia, (2) internamento e (3) pós-cirurgia e follow-up. A primeira fase desta abordagem corresponde à avaliação psicológica dos doentes candidatos a cirurgia. Neste estudo apresenta-se a caracterização psicológica da população com OM, avaliada entre Fevereiro de 2002 e Maio de 2004, duma consulta de especialidade hospitalar. A metodologia desenvolvida inclui uma entrevista clínica semi-estruturada e questionários de auto-avaliação das dimensões de personalidade (MCMI-II), ansiedade e depressão (HADS), qualidade de vida (MOS-SF/20) e auto-conceito (ICAC). Foram avaliados 212 pacientes com uma média de idades de 41,1 anos e um IMC de 46,6Kg/m2. Apresentam-se os resultados obtidos e o protocolo de avaliação psicológica desenvolvido. Salienta-se a importância da avaliação psicológica para parecer técnico e os seus dados qualitativos para delineamento dos objectivos psicoterapêuticos e psico-educativos, como modo imprescindível ao sucesso deste processo de tratamento.Palavras-chave: Obesidade mórbida, caracterização psicológica, protocolo de avaliação.
ABSTRACT
Morbid obesity (MO) is a pathological type of obesity considered a serious health problem to the individuals who have it. Its treatment should be based on a biopsychosocial model of the individual and his/ her illness process for assuring short and long term treatment success. The psychological approach, cognitive-behaviour based, is structured along the 3 main phases of the treatment process: (1) pre-surgery; (2) inpatient; (3) post-surgery and follow-up. The first phase of this approach corresponds to the psychological assessment of the patients that are candidates to surgery. This study presents the psychological characterization of the MO population, assessed between February 2002 and May 2004, of a hospital specialized consultation. The developed methodology includes a semi-structured interview and self-assessment questionnaires of personality (MCMI-II), anxiety and depression (HADS), quality of life (MOS-SF/20) and self-concept (ICAC). 212 patients were assessed with a mean age of 41.1 years old, and a BMI of 46.6Kg/m2. We present the data and the protocol we developed for psychological assessment. We emphasize the importance of the psychological assessment for technical advice before surgery and its qualitative data for designing the psycho-educational and psychotherapeutic objectives, as fundamental to the success of the treatment process.
Key words: Morbid obesity, psychological characterization, protocol for psychological assessment.
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