A. RUI GOMES (*)
PAULO SÁ (**)
SARA ALMEIDA E SOUSA (***)
RESUMO
Apesar dos efeitos positivos dos programas de formulação de objectivos (P.F.O.) estarem bem estabelecidos em contextos industriais e educativos, não temos verificado o mesmo cenário no domínio desportivo, onde os resultados deste tipo de estratégias estão ainda totalmente por comprovar (Kyllo & Landers, 1995). Como refere Gould (1993), estes programas de intervenção nem sempre são aplicados de forma correcta devido ao facto de se ignorarem vários factores que podem influenciar a eficácia desta técnica. Neste sentido, o presente estudo procurou analisar a relação entre a formulação de objectivos (F.O.) e o rendimento desportivo, apresentando os dados da utilização de dois P.F.O. junto de duas equipas seniores de andebol, aolongo de duas épocas desportivas. Em termos mais específicos, a F.O. implementada baseou-se no estabelecimento de objectivos individuais e colectivos para as equipas, procurando controlar varáveis como o grau de experiência dos atletas, a divulgação pública e privada dos objectivos e a distinção entre os diferentes graus de dificuldade das provas. Os resultados sugerem a eficácia dos programas desenvolvidos na melhoria do rendimento desportivo dos atletas em diferentes parâmetros de jogo bem como no seu maior comprometimento e empenho para com o sucesso das equipas.
Palavras-chave: Formulação de objectivos, rendimento desportivo, psicologia do desporto, andebol.
ABSTRACT
]]> Although the positive effects of using goal-setting programmes are well established on industrial and educational contexts, we don’t verify the same setting in what concerns to the sports field, where the results of these kind of approaches are still totally unproven (Kyllo & Landers, 1995). As Gould (1993) refers, these intervention programmes aren’t always applied correctly, due to ignoring the various factors which can influence this techniques’ efficacy. Therefore, the present study attempted to analyse the connection between goal-setting and sports performance based on the results of the implementation of two goal-setting programmes with two professional handball teams, during two seasons. Specifically, the goal-setting programmes were based on the definition of individual and team goals, on an attempt to control variables such as the degree of the athletes’ experience, the goals’ public and private discussion and the games’ differences in terms of degrees of difficulty. The results suggest the efficacy of the developed programmes not only on the improvement of the athletes’ sport performance in different handball skills, but also on the increase of their level of commitment towards the teams’ success.Key words: Goal-setting, sport performance, sport psychology, handball.
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(*) Instituto de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Portugal.
(**) Instituto Superior da Maia, Portugal.
(***) Psicóloga do Desporto.
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