Amedeo Giorgi (*)
ABSTRACT
While it is heartening to see that more researchers in the field of the social sciences are using some version of the phenomenological method, it is also disappointing to see that very often some of the steps employed do not always follow phenomenological logic. In this article several dissertations are reviewed in order to point out some of the difficulties that are encountered in attempting to use some version of the phenomenological method. Difficulties encountered centered on the phenomenological reduction, the use of imaginative variation and the feedback to subjects.
Key words: Phenomenological method, research strategies, participant feedback.
RESUMO
]]> Embora seja encorajador verificar que há mais investigadores no domínio das ciências sociais que estão a utilizar alguma versão do método fenomenológico, é igualmente desapontante que muitas vezes os passos empregues nem sempre seguem a lógica fenomenológica. Neste artigo várias dissertações são analisadas de forma a realçar algumas dificuldades encontradas para tentar usar alguma versão do método fenomenológico centrada na redução fenomenológica, o uso de variações imaginativas e a informação de retorno dos participantes.Palavras-chave: Método fenomenológico, estratégias de investigação, informação de retorno dos participantes.
Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.
Full text only available in PDF format.
REFERENCES
Arminio, J. (2001). Exploring the nature of race-related guilt. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29, 239-252. [ Links ]
Colaizzi, P. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. Valle, & M. King (Eds.), Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology (pp. 48-71). New York: Oxford University Press.
]]> Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Driscoll, J. W (2004). The experience of women living with bipolar II disorder. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Connecticut, Storr, CT.
Friedeberg, B. (2002). From countertransference to empathy: A phenomenological investigation into psychotherapeutic process. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Saybrook Graduate School, San Francisco, CA.
Garcia, M. K. (1996). The lived experience of mothers and children with asthma. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX.
Geertz, C. (1983). Local knowledge: Further essays in interpretive anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
Giorgi, A. (1985a). Sketch of a psychological phenomenological method. In A. Giorgi (Ed.), Phenomenology and psychological research (pp. 8-22). Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Giorgi, A. (Ed.). (1985b). Phenomenology and psychological research. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Giorgi, A. (in press). Can an empirical psychology be derived from Husserl’s philosophy? In P. Ashworth, & M. C. Chung (Eds.), History and philosophy of psychology series: Phenomenology and psychological science. Dortrecht: Kluwer Academic Press.
Grant, K. S. (2004). Japanese experience of deciding to enter psychotherapy: A phenomenological study. Pleasant Hill, CA: John F. Kennedy University.
Husserl, E. (1962). Ideas: General introduction to pure phenomenology (W. R. Boyce Gibson, trans.). New York: Collier Books (Original work published 1913).
]]> Husserl, E. (1965). Philosophy as a rigorous science. In Q. Lauer (Ed. & Trans.), Phenomenology and the crisis of philosophy (pp. 71-147). New York: Harper and Row (Original work published 1910-1911).Husserl, E. (1983). Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy. First book (F. Kersten, trans.). The Hague: M. Nijhoff (Original work published 1913).
Keen, E. (1975). Doing research phenomenologically: Methodological considerations. Unpublished manuscript, Bucknell University. [place?]
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. London: Sage.
MacRenato, S. W. (1995). Experiences of moral commitment: A phenomenological study. San Diego, CA: University of San Diego.
May, R. (1965). Intentionality, the heart of human will. The Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 5, 202-209.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1964). Phenomenology and the sciences of man (J. Wild, trans.). In J. Edie (Ed.), The primacy of perception (pp. 43-95). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press (Original work published 1961).
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. London: Sage.
Polkinghorne, D. (1989). Phenomenological research methods. In R. Valle, & S. Halleng (Eds.), Existential-phenomenological perspectives in psychology (pp. 41-60). New York: Plenum.
Schütz, A. (1967). The phenomenology of the social world (G. Welsh, & F. Lehnert, trans.). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
]]> Speigelberg, H. (1960). The phenomenological movement: A historical introduction. Vol. II. The Hague: M.Nijhoff. Trumbull, M. (1993). The experience of undergoing coronary artery bypass: A phenomenological investigation. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. The Graduate School of the Union Institute, Cincinnati, OH.
(*) Saybrook Graduate School, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA.
]]>