<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8231</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aná. Psicológica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8231</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISPA-Instituto Universitário]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-82312006000400002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Relações entre idade desenvolvimental, dimensões do comportamento adaptativo e envolvimento observado]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sílvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguiar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cecília]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pessanha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bairrão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico do Porto Escola Superior de Educação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>447</fpage>
<lpage>466</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-82312006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-82312006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-82312006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Este estudo examina a relação entre variáveis de desenvolvimento, dimensões do comportamento adaptativo e o envolvimento observado (interacções da criança com os outros, com os objectos e com ela própria) em contexto de creche. Cento e vinte crianças (com idades compreendidas entre 14 e 49 meses) de 15 creches da Área Metropolitana do Porto participaram no estudo. As crianças foram observadas individualmente nas salas de actividades de forma a determinar a percentagem de tempo que passavam em diferentes níveis e tipos de envolvimento. O seu nível de desenvolvimento foi avaliado através da aplicação de uma escala. As mães avaliaram dimensões do comportamento adaptativo das crianças através de um questionário preenchido com base numa entrevista. Os resultados revelaram que as crianças passavam mais tempo envolvidas nos níveis diferenciado e atenção focalizada e que o envolvimento social era mais frequente do que o envolvimento com objectos. Todas as medidas de desenvolvimento e de comportamento adaptativo, com excepção do quociente de desenvolvimento, revelaram uma associação positiva com o nível de envolvimento sofisticado e uma associação negativa com o não envolvimento. Estas variáveis de desenvolvimento e de comportamento adaptativo estavam positivamente relacionadas com o envolvimento com pares e negativamente relacionadas com o envolvimento com o adulto. São discutidas as implicações para a investigação bem como para a prática em educação precoce.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This study examined the relations between developmental age, dimensions of adaptive behavior and observed engagement. One hundred and twenty children (ages 19 to 49 months) attending 15-day care centers from the metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal, participated in the study. All children were individually observed in their classrooms to determine the percentage of time they spent in different levels and types of engagement and their development was assessed through a standardized measure. Mothers completed a rating scale to assess children’s dimensions of adaptive behavior. Results indicated that children spent most of their time engaged at the differentiated and focused attention levels and social engagement was more frequent than engagement with objects. All development and adaptive behavior measures, with the exception of developmental quotient, were positively associated with sophisticated engagement levels and negatively associated with nonengagement. Those development and adaptive behavior measures were also positively associated with engagement with peers and negatively related with engagement with adults. Implications for intervention and research in early education are discussed.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Desenvolvimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[comportamento adaptativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[envolvimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adptative behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[engagement]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P><B>Rela&ccedil;&otilde;es entre idade desenvolvimental, dimens&otilde;es do    comportamento adaptativo e envolvimento observado (<a href="#1">*</a><a name="top1"></a>)    </B></P>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <P align="right"><I>Ana Isabel Pinto (<a href="#2">**</a><a name="top2"></a>)</I></P>     <P align="right"><I>S&iacute;lvia Barros (<a href="#2">**</a><a name="top2"></a>)</I></P>     <P align="right"><I>Cec&iacute;lia Aguiar (<a href="#2">**</a><a name="top2"></a>)</I></P>     <P align="right"><I>Manuela Pessanha (<a href="#3">***</a><a name="top3"></a>)</I></P>     <P align="right"><I>Joaquim Bairr&atilde;o (<a href="#2">**</a><a name="top2"></a>)    </I></P>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <P align="center">RESUMO </P>      <P align="justify">Este estudo examina a rela&ccedil;&atilde;o entre vari&aacute;veis    de desenvolvimento, dimens&otilde;es do comportamento adaptativo e o <I>envolvimento    </I>observado (interac&ccedil;&otilde;es da crian&ccedil;a com os outros, com    os objectos e com ela pr&oacute;pria) em contexto de creche. Cento e vinte crian&ccedil;as    (com idades compreendidas entre 14 e 49 meses) de 15 creches da &Aacute;rea    Metropolitana do Porto participaram no estudo. As crian&ccedil;as foram observadas    individualmente nas salas de actividades de forma a determinar a percentagem    de tempo que passavam em diferentes n&iacute;veis e tipos de envolvimento. O    seu n&iacute;vel de desenvolvimento foi avaliado atrav&eacute;s da aplica&ccedil;&atilde;o    de uma escala. As m&atilde;es avaliaram dimens&otilde;es do comportamento adaptativo    das crian&ccedil;as atrav&eacute;s de um question&aacute;rio preenchido com    base numa entrevista. Os resultados revelaram que as crian&ccedil;as passavam    mais tempo envolvidas nos <I>n&iacute;veis diferenciado </I>e <I>aten&ccedil;&atilde;o    focalizada </I>e que o envolvimento <I>social </I>era mais frequente do que    o envolvimento com <I>objectos</I>. Todas as medidas de desenvolvimento e de    comportamento adaptativo, com excep&ccedil;&atilde;o do quociente de desenvolvimento,    revelaram uma associa&ccedil;&atilde;o positiva com o n&iacute;vel de <I>envolvimento    sofisticado </I>e uma associa&ccedil;&atilde;o negativa com o <I>n&atilde;o    envolvimento</I>. Estas vari&aacute;veis de desenvolvimento e de comportamento    adaptativo estavam positivamente relacionadas com o <I>envolvimento com </I><I>pares    </I>e negativamente relacionadas com o <I>envolvimento com o adulto</I>. S&atilde;o    discutidas as implica&ccedil;&otilde;es para a investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o bem    como para a pr&aacute;tica em educa&ccedil;&atilde;o precoce. </P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P><I>Palavras-chave</I>: Desenvolvimento, comportamento adaptativo, envolvimento. </P>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <P align="center">ABSTRACT </P>      <P align="justify">This study examined the relations between developmental age,    dimensions of adaptive behavior and observed <I>engagement</I>. One hundred    and twenty children (ages 19 to 49 months) attending 15-day care centers from    the metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal, participated in the study. All children    were individually observed in their classrooms to determine the percentage of    time they spent in different levels and types of engagement and their development    was assessed through a standardized measure. Mothers completed a rating scale    to assess children&rsquo;s dimensions of adaptive behavior. Results indicated    that children spent most of their time engaged at the <I>differentiated </I>and    <I>focused attention </I>levels and <I>social engagement </I>was more frequent    than <I>engagement with objects</I>. All development and adaptive behavior measures,    with the exception of developmental quotient, were positively associated with    <I>sophisticated engagement </I> levels and negatively associated with <I>nonengagement</I>.    Those development and adaptive behavior measures were also positively associated    with <I>engagement with peers </I>and negatively related with <I>engagement    with adults</I>. Implications for intervention and research in early education    are discussed. </P>      <P><I>Key words</I>: Development, adptative behavior, engagement. </P>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <P align="center">REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS </P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Bairr&atilde;o, J. (2001). <I>The impact of pre-school and family socialization  settings on child&rsquo;s development</I>. Comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o apresentada  no Congreso Europeo de la Associaci&oacute;n Mundial de Educadores Infantiles,  Santiago de Compostela. </P>      <P>Bairr&atilde;o, J. (2004). <I>Curso n&atilde;o publicado</I>.  Comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o apresentada no Semin&aacute;rio do Curso de  Doutoramento. </P>      <P>Bairr&atilde;o, J., Leal, T., Fontes, P., &amp; Gamelas, A. M. (1999).  <I>Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o Pr&eacute;-Escolar em Portugal. Estudo de qualidade</I>.  Relat&oacute;rio final apresentado &agrave; Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o Calouste  Gulbenkian. (Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto, Linha de  Investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o 3: Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o  da Crian&ccedil;a, FPCE-UP). </P>      <P>Blasco, P. M., Bailey, D. B., &amp; Burchinal, M. A. (1993). Dimensions  of mastery in same-age and mixed-age integrated classrooms. <I>Early  Childhood Research Quarterly, 8</I>, 193-206. </P>      <P>Bredekamp, S. (1987). <I>Developmentally appropriate practice in early  childhood programs serving children from birth through age eight </I> (expanded ed.). Washington, DC: National Association for the Education  of Young Children. </P>      <P>Castro, S. L., &amp; Gomes, I. (1996b). <I>As Escalas Griffiths adaptadas  ao Portugu&ecirc;s: Vers&atilde;o parcial para investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o</I>.  (Laborat&oacute;rio de Fala, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ci&ecirc;ncias  da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o da Universidade do Porto). </P>      <P>Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales.  <I>Education and Psychological Measurement, 20</I>, 37-46. </P>      <P>Cohen, J. (1992). Quantitative Methods in Psychology: A power Primer.  <I>Psychological Bulletin, 112</I>, 155-159. </P>      <P>Cost, Quality &amp; Child Outcomes Study Team (1995). <I>Cost, quality,  and child outcomes in child care centers, Public Report </I>(2nd edition).  Denver: Economics Department, University of Colorado at Denver. </P>      <P>de Kruif, R. E. L., &amp; McWilliam, R. A. (1999). Multi-variate  relationships among development age, global engagement and observed child  engagement. <I>Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 14</I>, 515-536. </P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>de Kruif, R. E. L., McWilliam, R. A., &amp; Ridley, S. M. (under review).  <I>Effects of child characteristics and teacher interaction behaviors on  children&rsquo;s observed engagement</I>. Chapel Hill: University of  North Carolina at Chapel Hill. </P>      <P>Dunst, C. J., &amp; McWilliam, R. A. (1988). Cognitive assessment of  multiply handicapped young children. In T. D. Wachs, &amp; R. Sheehan (Eds.),  <I>Assessment of young developmentally disabled children </I>(pp. 213-238).  New York: Plenum Press. </P>      <P>European Child Care and Education (ECCE) Study Group (1997).  <I>Question&aacute;rio &agrave; fam&igrave;lia (QF)</I>. Centro de Psicologia  da Universidade do Porto. Linha de Investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o n.&ordm; 3,  Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o da Crian&ccedil;a,  FPCE &ndash; Universidade do Porto. </P>      <P>Fewell, R. F., &amp; Glick, M. P. (1993). Observing play: an appropriate  process for learning and assessment. <I>Infants &amp; Young Children, 5</I>,  35-43. </P>      <P>Griffiths, R. (1984). <I>The abilities of young children </I>(ed. rev.).  Bucks: The Test Agency Limited. </P>      <P>Griffiths, R. (1996). <I>The Griffith&rsquo;s Mental Development Scales,  from birth to 2 years</I>. <I>Manual</I>. The Test Agency. </P>      <P>Hauser-Cram, P., Bronson, M. B., &amp; Upshur, C. C. (1993). The effects  of the classroom environment on the social and mastery behavior of preschool  children with disabilities. <I>Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 8</I>,  479-497. </P>      <P>Howes C., &amp; Smith E. W. (1995). Relations among childcare quality,  teacher behavior, children&rsquo;s play activities, emotional security,  and cognitive activity in childcare. <I>Early Childhood Research Quarterly,  10</I>, 381-404. </P>      <P>Howes, C., &amp; Stewart, P. (1987). Child&rsquo;s play with adults,  toys and peers: an examination of family and child-care influences.  <I>Developmental Psychology, 23</I>, 423-430. </P>      <P>Krakow, J. B., &amp; Kopp, C. B. (1983). The effects of developmental  delay on sustained attention in young children. <I>Child Development, 54</I>,  1143-1155. </P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Linder, T. W. (1990). <I>Transdisciplinary play-based assessment</I>.  Baltimore, MD: Brookes. </P>      <P>Malmskog S., &amp; McDonnell, A. P. (1999). Teacher mediated facilitation  of engagement by children with developmental delays in inclusive preschools.  <I>Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 19</I>, 203-216. </P>      <P>McCormick L., Noonan M. J., &amp; Heck R. (1998). Variables affecting  engagement in inclusive preschool classrooms. <I>Journal of Early Intervention,  21</I>, 160-176. </P>      <P>McWilliam, R. A., &amp; Bailey, D. B. (1992). Promoting engagement and  mastery. In D. B. Bailey, &amp; M. Wolery (Eds.), <I>Teaching infants and  preschoolers with disabilities </I>(2nd ed., pp. 230-255). New York:  Mac Millan Publishing Company. </P>      <P>McWilliam, R. A., &amp; Bailey, D. B. (1995). Effects of classroom  social structure and disability on engagement. <I>Topics in Early Childhood  Special Education, 15</I>, 123-147. </P>      <P>McWilliam, R. A., &amp; de Kruif, R. E. L. (1998). <I>Engagement Quality  Observation System III (E-Qual III)</I>. Chapel Hill: Frank Porter Graham  Child Development Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. </P>      <P>McWilliam, R. A., Trivette, C. M., &amp; Dunst, C. J. (1985). Behavior  engagement as a measure of the efficacy of early intervention. <I>Analysis  and Intervention on Developmental Disabilities, 5</I>, 59-71. </P>      <P>McWilliam, R. A., &amp; Ware, W. B. (1994). The reliability of  observations of young children&rsquo;s engagement: An application of  generalizability theory. <I>Journal of Early Intervention, 18</I>, 34-47. </P>      <P>NAEYC (1997). <I>Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood  programs serving children from birth through age 8</I>. Washington: NAEYC. </P>      <P>Raspa, M. J., McWilliam, R. A., &amp; Ridley, S. M. (2001). Child care  quality and children&rsquo;s engagement. <I>Early Education and Development,  12</I>, 209-224. </P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Ridley, S. M., McWilliam, R. A., &amp; Oates, C. S. (2000). Observed  engagement as an indicator of child care program quality. <I>Early Education  &amp; Development, 11</I>, 133-146. </P>      <P>Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D. A., &amp; Cicchetti, D. V. (1984). <I>Vineland  Adaptative Behavior Scales</I>. <I>Interview edition form manual</I>.  MInnesota: American Guidance Service. </P>      <P>Thompson, B., &amp; Snyder, P. (1998). Statistical significance and  reliability analyses in recent Journal of Counseling &amp; Development  research articles. <I>Journal of Counseling &amp; Development, 76</I>,  436-441. </P>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <P>(<a href="#top1">*</a><a name="1"></a>) Este estudo faz parte do projecto de    investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o intitulado &ldquo;A qualidade das interac&ccedil;&otilde;es    da crian&ccedil;a em contexto familiar e de creche e o seu impacto no desenvolvimento    socio-cognitivo da crian&ccedil;a&rdquo; desenvolvido pelo Centro de Psicologia    da Universidade do Porto e financiado pela Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o para a Ci&ecirc;ncia    e Tecnologia (POCTI / PSI / 35207 / 2000). A segunda e a terceira autoras beneficiam    de Bolsa de Doutoramento da FCT (BD/10721/ 2002 e BD/ 8317/2002). </P>      <P>Qualquer correspond&ecirc;ncia relativa a este artigo dever&aacute; ser remetida    para Ana Isabel Pinto, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ci&ecirc;ncias da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o    da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-392 Porto, Portugal.    E-mail: <a href="mailto:ana@fpce.up.pt">ana@fpce.up.pt</a>. </P>      <P>(<a href="#top2">**</a><a name="2"></a>) Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ci&ecirc;ncias    da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o da Universidade do Porto. </P>      <P>(<a href="#top3">***</a><a name="3"></a>) Escola Superior de Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o    do Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico do Porto. </P>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bairrão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The impact of pre-school and family socialization settings on child’s development.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Compostela ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Congreso Europeo de la Associación Mundial de Educadores Infantiles]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
