<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8231</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aná. Psicológica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8231</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISPA-Instituto Universitário]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-82312007000400004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Propostas estratégicas da Psicologia Positiva para a prevenção e regulação do stress]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helena Águeda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Aberta  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>585</fpage>
<lpage>593</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-82312007000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-82312007000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-82312007000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Aqui se efectua uma análise da relação entre alguns dos conceitos presentes nas literaturas sobre regulação de stress e Psicologia Positiva, nomeadamente, optimismo, bem-estar subjectivo, experiência óptima (flow) e esperança. Nesta literatura são também discriminados e perspectivados alguns conceitos relativos a uma segunda geração de investigadores localizados naquele referido domínio das publicações científicas da Psicologia, particularmente os conceitos de pessimismo defensivo e falsa esperança. Apresentam-se, por fim, três estudos de caso ilustrativos da problemática subjacente à articulação das duas literaturas acima mencionadas: a) O primeiro, de carácter histórico, referido às práticas de reforço intrínseco no estilo de vida dos jesuítas, articulando-as com o conceito de flow, seguindo a proposta de Isabella Cskizentmihalyi (1988); b) O segundo, mais caracteristicamente sócio-cultural, relativo aos gangs de motociclistas japoneses (Bosozoku), seguindo com Sato (1988) a descrição da experiência óptima associada ao culto; c) O terceiro, referido ao contexto nacional, sobre o uso das práticas apreciativas e conscientizadoras na formação de professores, propostas por Neto, Marujo e Perloiro (1999). O intuito das opções patentes nesta reflexão é o de deixar em aberto novos campos para investigação e intervenção futuras na regulação e prevenção do stress, bem como exemplos práticos, já concretizados, da sua aplicabilidade e pertinência social.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This article presents an analysis of the relation between some concepts found in the literatures on stress management and of Positive Psychology, namely well-being, flow and hope. In this literature we analyse and put in perspective some concepts related to a second generation of researchers, elements of the some area of scientific research in Psychology, in particular the concepts of defensive pessimism and false hope. The authors end up presenting three case studies that are emblematic of the challenges underlying the articulation of the two mentioned literatures: a) The first one, under an historic frame, referred to the practices of intrinsic motivation in the Jesuit life style is articulated with the concept of flow, according to the proposal of Isabella Cskizentmihalyi (1988); b) The second one, of a more socio cultural nature, is related to the Japanese motorcycle gangs (Bosozoku), following the work of Sato (1998), the description of the optimal experience related to their cult; c) The third one, referred to the Portuguese national context, about the use of appreciative and self-awareness practices in the training of teachers, put forward by Neto, Marujo and Perloiro (1999). The aim of the options presented in this reflexion is to leave open new fields for research and future interventions in stress management and stress prevention, as well as presenting practical examples, already tried, of its applicability and social relevance.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Optimismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[experiência óptima (flow)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[educação do optimismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Optimism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flow]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[educating for optimism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P   align="left" ><B>Propostas estrat&eacute;gicas da Psicologia Positiva para a preven&ccedil;&atilde;o    e regula&ccedil;&atilde;o do stress </B></P >     <p   align="justify" >&nbsp;</p >     <p   align="right" >Lu&iacute;s Miguel Neto (<a href="#1">*</a>)<a name="top1"></a> </p >     <p   align="right" >Helena &Aacute;gueda Marujo (<a href="#2">**</a>)<i> <a name="top2"></a></i></p >     <P   align="center" >&nbsp;</P >          <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="center" >RESUMO </P >     <P   align="justify" >Aqui se efectua uma an&aacute;lise da rela&ccedil;&atilde;o entre alguns dos    conceitos presentes nas literaturas sobre regula&ccedil;&atilde;o de stress    e Psicologia Positiva, nomeadamente, optimismo, bem-estar subjectivo, experi&ecirc;ncia    &oacute;ptima (<I>flow</I>) e esperan&ccedil;a. Nesta literatura s&atilde;o    tamb&eacute;m discriminados e perspectivados alguns conceitos relativos a uma    segunda gera&ccedil;&atilde;o de investigadores localizados naquele referido    dom&iacute;nio das publica&ccedil;&otilde;es cient&iacute;ficas da Psicologia,    particularmente os conceitos de pessimismo defensivo e falsa esperan&ccedil;a.  </P >     <P   align="justify" >Apresentam-se, por fim, tr&ecirc;s estudos de caso ilustrativos da problem&aacute;tica    subjacente &agrave; articula&ccedil;&atilde;o das duas literaturas acima mencionadas:    a) O primeiro, de car&aacute;cter hist&oacute;rico, referido &agrave;s pr&aacute;ticas    de refor&ccedil;o intr&iacute;nseco no estilo de vida dos jesu&iacute;tas, articulando-as    com o conceito de <I>flow</I>, seguindo a proposta de Isabella Cskizentmihalyi    (1988); b) O segundo, mais caracteristicamente s&oacute;cio-cultural, relativo    aos <I>gangs </I>de motociclistas japoneses (<I>Bosozoku</I>), seguindo com    Sato (1988) a descri&ccedil;&atilde;o da experi&ecirc;ncia &oacute;ptima associada    ao culto; c) O terceiro, referido ao contexto nacional, sobre o uso das pr&aacute;ticas    apreciativas e conscientizadoras na forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de professores, propostas    por Neto, Marujo e Perloiro (1999). </P >     <P   align="justify" >O intuito das op&ccedil;&otilde;es patentes nesta reflex&atilde;o &eacute; o    de deixar em aberto novos campos para investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o e interven&ccedil;&atilde;o    futuras na regula&ccedil;&atilde;o e preven&ccedil;&atilde;o do stress, bem    como exemplos pr&aacute;ticos, j&aacute; concretizados, da sua aplicabilidade    e pertin&ecirc;ncia social. </P >     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" ><I>Palavras-chave</I>: Optimismo, stress, experi&ecirc;ncia &oacute;ptima (<I>flow</I>),    educa&ccedil;&atilde;o do optimismo. </P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="center" >ABSTRACT </P >     <P   align="justify" >This article presents an analysis of the relation between some concepts found    in the literatures on stress management and of Positive Psychology, namely well-being,    flow and hope. In this literature we analyse and put in perspective some concepts    related to a second generation of researchers, elements of the some area of    scientific research in Psychology, in particular the concepts of defensive pessimism    and false hope. </P >     <P   align="justify" >The authors end up presenting three case studies that are emblematic of the challenges    underlying the articulation of the two mentioned literatures: a) The first one,    under an historic frame, referred to the practices of intrinsic motivation in    the Jesuit life style is articulated with the concept of <I>flow</I>, according    to the proposal of Isabella Cskizentmihalyi (1988); b) The second one, of a    more socio cultural nature, is related to the Japanese motorcycle gangs (<I>Bosozoku</I>),    following the work of Sato (1998), the description of the optimal experience    related to their cult; c) The third one, referred to the Portuguese national    context, about the use of appreciative and self-awareness practices in the training    of teachers, put forward by Neto, Marujo and Perloiro (1999). </P >     <P   align="justify" >The aim of the options presented in this reflexion is to leave open new fields    for research and future interventions in stress management and stress prevention,    as well as presenting practical examples, already tried, of its applicability    and social relevance. </P >     <P   align="justify" ><I>Key words</I>: Optimism, stress, flow, educating for optimism. </P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <P   align="justify" ></P >     <P   align="justify" ></P >     <P   align="justify" ></P >     <P   align="justify" ></P >     <P   align="justify" ></P >       <P   align="center" >REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS </P >     <P   align="justify" >Averill, J. (2002). Emotional creativity: toward &ldquo;spiritualizing the passions&rdquo;. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 172-187). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Baltes, P. B., Gluck, &amp; Kunzmann, U. (2002). Wisdom: Its structure and function in regulating successful life span development. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 327-349). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Carver, C., &amp; Scheier, M. (2002). Optimism. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 231-243). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Cassell, E. J. (2002). Compassion. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 434-458). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Cooperrider, D. L., &amp; Whitney, D. (1999). Appreciative Inquiry: A positive revolution in change. In P. Holman &amp; T. Devane (Eds.), <I>The change handbook: Group methods for shaping the future</I>. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Csikszentmihalyi, I. (1988). Flow in a historical context: the case of the Jesuits. In M. Csikszentmihalyi, &amp; I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), <I>Optimal experience: Psy</I><I></I><I>chological studies of flow in consciousness </I>(pp. 222-248). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Csikszentmihalyi, I. (1997). <I>Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life</I>. New York: Basic Books. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Csikszentmihalyi, M., &amp; Csikszentmihalyi, I. (1988). <I>Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness</I>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Csikszentmihalyi, I., &amp; Larson, R. (1984). <I>Being adoles</I><I></I><I>cent: Conflict and growth in the teenage years</I>. New York: Basic Books. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Csikszentmihalyi, I., &amp; Schneider, B. (2000). <I>Becoming adult: How teenagers prepare for the world of work</I>. New York: Basic Books. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., &amp; Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 63-73). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Emmons, R. A., &amp; Shelton, C. M. (2002). Gratitude and the science of Positive    Psychology. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology    </I>(pp. 459-471). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Gergen, K. J. (2001). Psychological science in a postmodern context. <I>American    Psychologist, 56</I>, 803-813. </P >     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 382-394). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Hewitt, J. P. (2002). The social construction of self-esteem. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 135-147). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Larrauri, B. G. (2006). <I>Programa para mejorar el sentido del humor. Porque la vida con buen humor merece la pena! </I>Madrid: Ediciones Pir&aacute;mide. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Mahoney, M. J. (2002). Constructivism and Positive Psychology. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 745-750). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Marques Pinto, A., Lima, M. L., &amp; Lopes da Silva, A. (2003). Stress Profissional em Professores Portugueses: Incid&ecirc;ncia, Preditores e Reac&ccedil;&atilde;o de Burnout. <I>Psy</I><I></I><I>chologica, 33</I>, 181-194. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Marujo, H., &amp; Neto, L. M. (2001). Psicologia positiva nas escolas: metodologias apreciativas na constru&ccedil;&atilde;o da disciplina. In <I>Actas do XI Col&oacute;quio AFIRSE: &ldquo;Viol&ecirc;ncia e Indisciplina na escola&rdquo;</I>. Lisboa. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Marujo, H., &amp; Neto, L. M. (2003). Intelig&ecirc;ncia emocional, optimismo e psicologia positiva na forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de professores, pais e educadores: perde alguma coisa se experimentar os &oacute;culos cor-de-rosa? <I>Revista do Sindicato de Professores da Zona Centro</I>, Conversas Educativas I, 58-73. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Marujo, H., &amp; Neto, L. M. (2004). <I>Optimismo e esperan&ccedil;a na educa&ccedil;&atilde;o: fontes inspiradoras para uma escola criativa</I>. Lisboa: Editorial Presen&ccedil;a. </P >       <P   align="justify" >Marujo, H., &amp; Neto, L. M. (submetido para publica&ccedil;&atilde;o). <I>The cultural arquitecture of depression in Portugal: Embodying the social construction of psychopa</I><I></I><I>thology</I>. Submetido para publica&ccedil;&atilde;o na Revista Culture and Psychology. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Mccullough, M. E., &amp; Witvliet, C. V. (2002). The psychology of forgiveness. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 89-105). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Nakamura, J., &amp; Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). The concept of flow. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 89-105). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Neto, L., Marujo, H., &amp; Perloiro, M. F. (1999). <I>Educar para o optimismo: guia para educadores e pais</I>. Lisboa: Editorial Presen&ccedil;a. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Peterson, C., &amp; Steen, T. (2002). Optimistic Explanatory Style. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 244-256). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Rabinowitz, S. L. (2004). <I>Organizational stress management: A case for positive    Psychology-Based Psycho-educational Interventions</I>. Retirado da Internet    em 6/12/2005 em <a href="http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/research/bibCompletedDissertationsDetail.cfm?coid=%20702" target="_blank">http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/research/bibCompletedDissertationsDetail.cfm?coid=    702</a> </P >     <P   align="justify" >Salovey, P., Mayer, J., &amp; Caruso, D. (2002). The positive psychology of emotional intelligence. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 159-171). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Sato, I. (1988). Bosozoku: flow in Japanese motorcycle gangs. In M. Csikszentmihalyi &amp; I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), <I>Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness </I>(pp. 92-117). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Seligman, M. P. (1991). <I>Learned optimism: how to change your mind and your life</I>. New York: A. A. Knopf. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Seligman, M. P. (2002). Positive Psychology, Positive Prevention and Positive    Therapy. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology    </I>(pp. 3-9). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Seligman, M. P., &amp; M. Csikszentmihalyi (2000). Positive Psychology: An introduction. <I>American Psycholo</I><I></I><I>gist, 55 </I>(1), 5-14. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Simonton, D. K. (2002). Creativity. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook    of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 189-201). Oxford: Oxford University Press.</P >     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Snyder, C., &amp; Lopez, S. (Eds.) (2002). <I>Handbook of Positiv</I><I>e </I><I>Psychology</I>.    Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Snyder, C. R., Rand, K., King, E., Feldman, D., &amp; Taylor, J. (2002). &ldquo;False&rdquo;    hope. <I>Journal of Clinical Psycho</I><I></I><I>logy, 58</I>, 1003-1022. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Snyder, C., Rand, K. L., &amp; Sigmon, D. R. (2002). Hope theory: A member of the Positive Psychology Family. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 257-276). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Tangney, J. P. (2002). Humility. In C. Snyder &amp; S. Lopez (Eds.), <I>Handbook of Positive Psychology </I>(pp. 411-421). Oxford: Oxford University Press. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Taylor, S. E. (1989). <I>Positive illusions: creative self-</I><I>deception and    the healthy mind</I>. New York: Basic Books. </P >     <P   align="center" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="justify" >(<a href="#top1">*</a>)<a name="1"></a> Faculdade de Psicologia e    de Ci&ecirc;ncias da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.    Universidade Aberta, Lisboa. E-mail: <a href="mailto:neto@fpce.ul.pt">neto@fpce.ul.pt</a>  </P >     <P   align="justify" >(<a href="#top2">**</a>)<a name="2"></a> Faculdade de Psicologia e    de Ci&ecirc;ncias da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.    E-mail: <a href="mailto:lenaamarujo@yahoo.com">lenaamarujo@yahoo.com</a> </P >      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Averill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Emotional creativity: toward “spiritualizing the passions”]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snyder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Positive Psychology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>172-187</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
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</back>
</article>
