Daniela C. Gonçalves(*)

Pedro B. Albuquerque (**)

Inácio Martín (***)

RESUMO

O objectivo deste artigo é analisar a importância da reminiscência enquanto estratégia terapêutica junto de idosos. Explora-se o conceito de reminiscência tal como decorre no quotidiano e analisa-se o seu surgimento como estratégia de trabalho com idosos, considerando os seus principais âmbitos de intervenção, desde moldes preventivos, como a adaptação à institucionalização, até níveis remediativos, como a estimulação do funcionamento cognitivo em quadros demenciais. Por fim, listam-se aquelas que se consideram ser as principais limitações inerentes à Terapia de Reminiscência no trabalho com idosos, nomeadamente a ausência de modelos estruturados de intervenção e as lacunas referentes a estratégias intencionais de avaliação de eficácia dos mesmos. Apresentam-se algumas estratégias promotoras da eficácia da Terapia de Reminiscência.

Palavras-chave: Terapia de reminiscência, psicoterapia, idosos.

The main objective of this paper is the analysis of reminiscence, naming is advantages and limitations as an intervention tool towards older adults. We first consider reminiscence as a daily happening, constrained by the social and historical background of the participant. We then describe the adaptation of this strategy to the work with older adults, in prevention or remediation, such as adaptation to institutions or cognitive stimulation in dementias. Finally, we list the main limitations in reminiscence therapy, namely the absence of structured intervention models and the shortfall of strategies to assess their efficiency. We consider some of the possible strategies to promote the accuracy of reminiscence therapy.

Key words: Reminiscence therapy, intervention, older adults.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

REFERÊNCIAS

Alea, N., Bluck, S., & Semegon, A. (2004). Young and older adults’ expression of emotional experience: do autobiographical narratives tell a different story? Journal of Adult Development, 11 (4), 235-250.

Arkoff, A., Meredith, G., & Dubanoski, J. (2004). Gains in well-being achieved through retrospective-proactive life review by independent older women. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 44 (2), 204-214.

Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: the model of selective optimization with compensation. In P. Baltes & M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: perspectives from the behavioural sciences (pp. 1-34). Canada: Cambridge University Press.

Bluck, S., & Levine, L. (1998). Reminiscence as autobiographical memory: a catalyst for reminiscence theory development. Aging and Society, 18 (2), 185-208.

Bohlmeijer, E., Roemer, M., Cuijpers, P., & Smit, F. (2007). The effects of reminiscence on psychological wellbeing in older adults: A meta-analysis. Aging & Mental Health, 11 (3), 291-300.

Bohlmeijer, E., Smit, F., & Cuijpers, P. (2003). Effects of reminiscence and life review on late-life depression: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18 (12), 1088-1094.

Bohlmeijer, E., Valenkamp, M., Westerhof, G., Smit, F., & Cuijpers, P. (2005). Creative reminiscence as an early intervention for depression: Results of a pilot study. Aging & Mental Health, 9 (4), 302-304.

Bryant, F. B., Smart, C. M., & King, S. P. (2005). Using the past to enhance the present: Boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6 (3), 227-260.

Burnside, I. (1995). Themes in reminiscence groups with older women. In J. Hendricks (Ed.), The meaning of reminiscence and life review (pp. 159-171). New York: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Butler, R. N. (1963). Life-review: An interpretation of reminiscence in aged. Psychiatry, 26 (1), 65-76.

Butler, R. N. (2002). Age, death and Life Review. Living with Grief: Loss in later life. Obtained online on September, 5th, 2006, at www.hospicefoundation.org

Cappeliez, P., O’Rourke, N., & Chaudhury, H. (2005). Functions of reminiscence and mental health in later life. Aging and Mental Health, 9 (4), 295-301.

Chao, S. Y., Jin, S. F., Clark, M. J., Chu, T. I., Liu, H. Y., Wu, C-Y., & Huang, T. S. (2006). The effects of group reminiscence therapy on depression, self esteem, and life satisfaction of elderly nursing home residents. Journal of Nursing Research, 14 (1), 36-45.

Coleman, P. G. (2005). Uses of reminiscence: Functions and benefits. Aging and Mental Health, 9 (4), 291-294.

Douglas, S., James, I., & Ballard, C. (2004). Non-pharmacological interventions in dementia. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 10, 171-177.

Elford, H., Wilson, F., McKee, K. J., Chung, M. C., Bolton, G., & Goudie, F. (2005). Psychosocial benefits of solitary reminiscence writing: An exploratory study. Aging & Mental Health, 9 (4), 305-314.

Frazer, C., Christensen, H., & Griffiths, K. (2005). Effectiveness of treatments for depression in older people. Medical Journal of Australia, 182 (12), 627-632.

Fry, P. S. (1995). Individual differences in reminiscence among older adults: predictors of frequency and pleasantness ratings of reminiscence activity. In J. Hendricks (Ed.), The meaning of reminiscence and life review (pp. 83-97). New York: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Haber, D. (2006). Life review: Implementation, theory, research, and therapy. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 63 (2), 153-171.

Haight, B., Bachman, D., Hendrix, S., Wagner, M., Meeks, A., & Johnson, J. (2003). Life review: Treating the dyadic family unit with dementia. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 10 (3), 165-174.

Haight, B. K. (1995). Reminiscing: The state of the art as a basis for practice. In J. Hendricks (Ed.), The meaning of reminiscence and life review (pp. 21-52). New York: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Hanaoka, H., & Okamura, H. (2004). Study on effects of life review activities on the quality of life of the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 73 (5), 302-311.

Head, D. M., Portnoy, S., & Woods, R. (1990). The impact of reminiscence groups in two different settings. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 5 (5), 295-302.

Hsieh, H. F., & Wang, J. J. (2003). Effect of reminiscence therapy on depression in older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40 (4), 335-345.

Jones, E. D. (2003). Examination of reminiscence therapy for depressed older women residing in a long-term care facility using the Nursing Intervention Classification. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 29 (7), 27-33.

Jones, E. D., & Beck-Little, R. (2002). The use of reminiscence therapy for the treatment of depression in rural-dwelling older adults. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23 (3), 279-290.

Jonsdottir, H., Jonsdottir, G., Steingrimsdottir, E., & Tryggvadottir, B. (2001). Group reminiscence among people with end-stage chronic lung diseases. Issues and Innovations in Nursing Practices, 35 (1), 79-87.

Knight, B. G. (2004). Psychotherapy with older adults. California: SAGE Publications.

Lamme, S., & Baars, J. (1995). Including social factors in the analysis of reminiscence in elderly individuals. In J. Hendricks (Ed.), The meaning of reminiscence and life review (pp. 125-138). New York: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Maercker, A. (2002). Life review technique in the treatment of PTSD in elderly patients: Rational and three single case studies. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8 (3), 239-249.

Merriam, S. B. (1995). Butler’s life review: How universal is it? In J. Hendricks (Ed.), The meaning of reminiscence and life review (pp. 7-20). New York: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Mullen, M., & Yi, S. (1995). The cultural context of talk about the past: Implications for the development of autobiographical memory. Cognitive Development, 10 (3), 407-419.

Nakash, O., & Brody, L. (2006). The effects of social roles and personality motives on autobiographical memory. Sex Roles: Journal of Research, 54 (1/2), 39-56.

Pillemer, D. B., Wink, P., DiDonato, T., & Sanborn, R. (2003). Gender differences in autobiographical memory styles of older adults. Memory, 11 (6), 525-532.

Puentes, W. J. (2004). Cognitive therapy integrated with life review techniques: An eclectic treatment approach for affective symptoms in older adults. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13 (1), 84-89.

Puyenbroeck, J., & Maes, B. (2005). Reminiscence in ageing people with intellectual disabilities: An exploratory study. British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 51 (1), 3-16.

Rogers, C. (1985). Tornar-se pessoa. Lisboa: Moraes Editores.

Scogin, F., Welsh, D., Hanson, A., Stump, J., & Coates, A. (2005). Evidence-based psychoterapies for depression in older adults. Clinical Psychology – Science and Practice, 12 (3), 222-237.

Serrano, J. P., Latorre, J. M., Gatz, M., & Montañes, J. (2004). Life review using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive simptomatology. Psychology and Aging, 19 (2), 272-277.

Shah, S., & Reichman, W. E. (2006). Psychiatric intervention in long-term care. In L. Hyer, & R. C. Intrieri (Eds.), Geropsychological interventions in long-term care (pp. 85-108). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Shaver, P., & Tancready, C. (2001). Emotion, attachment and bereavement: a conceptual commentary. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping and care (pp. 63-88). Washington, DC: APA.

Volicer, L., & Simard, J. (2006). Application of SOC model to care residents with advanced dementia. In L. Hyer, & R. C. Intrieri (Eds.), Geropsychological interventions in long-term care (pp. 207-219). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Wang, J. (2004). The comparative effectiveness among institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly people in Taiwan of reminiscence therapy as a psychological measure. Journal of Nursing Research, 12 (3), 237-245.

Wang, J., Hsu, Y., & Cheng, S. (2005). The effects of reminiscence in promoting mental health of Taiwanese elderly. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 42 (1), 31-36.

Watt, L. M., & Cappeliez, P. (2000). Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health, 4 (2), 166-177.

Webster, J. D. (1997a). The reminiscence circumplex and autobiographical memory functions. Memory, 11 (2), 203-215.

Webster, J. D. (1997b). The Reminiscence Functions Scale: A replication. Aging and Human Development: A Journal of Psychosocial Gerontology, 44 (2), 136-148.

Webster, J. D. (1999). World views and narrative gerontology: Situating reminiscence behaviour within a lifespan perspective. Journal of Aging Studies, 13 (1), 29-42.

Welch-Ross, M. K. (1995). An integrative model of the development of autobiographical memory. Developmental Review, 15 (3), 338-365.

Westerhof, G., Bohlmeijer, E., & Valenkamp, M. (2004). In search of meaning: a reminiscence program for older persons. Educational Gerontology, 30 (9), 751-766.

(*) Instituto de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade do MInho, Braga. Unidade de Formação e Investigação sobre Adultos e Idosos (ICBAS.UP). Instituto de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga.

(**) Instituto de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga. E-mail: pedro.b.albuquerque@iep.uminho.pt

(***) Unidade de Formação e Investigação sobre Adultos e Idosos (ICBAS.UP). Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade de Aveiro.