<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8231</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aná. Psicológica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8231</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISPA-Instituto Universitário]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-82312023000100087</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14417/ap.1955</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dominant Affective Temperaments and its variance among people with depression, bipolar disorder, and a non-clinical sample: Validation of the Affective Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Temperamentos afetivos dominantes e a sua variância em pessoas com depressão, perturbação bipolar e numa amostra não-clínica: Validação do Questionário de Temperamento Afectivo (ATQ)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julieta Martins]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carreiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diogo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castilho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Coimbra Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Coimbra Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Psicologia Médica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Bangor University Psychology School of Human and Behavioural Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bangor ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Coimbra Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Psicologia Médica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>87</fpage>
<lpage>104</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-82312023000100087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-82312023000100087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-82312023000100087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Affective temperaments are frequently described as a biologically determined early emerging variation in emotional reactivity, with solid temporal stability. We aimed to analyse affective temperament variation and dominance while adapting and translating the Affective Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) to European Portuguese in both clinical (Major Depressive Disorder - MDD and Bipolar Disorder - BD) and non-clinical samples. ATQ was administered to 42 subjects with MDD, 64 with BD and 411 non-clinical. A 3-factor model CFA was performed (comprising hyperthymic, cyclothymic and dysthymic temperaments), revealing good adjustment and acceptable internal consistency levels. ATQ subscales showed a general higher internal consistency in people with mood disorders. Support for convergent validity was found. BD and MDD presented higher prevalence in Cyclothymic and Dysthymic temperaments than non-clinical, although they did not differ significantly between them regarding the last one. Findings suggest ATQ is a valid and reliable self-report measure to assess affective temperaments in the Portuguese population and proved to be acceptable for either clinical or non-clinical samples. This measure can be applied to detect early vulnerability to affective disorders, which can be very helpful in clinical settings and primary care.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Os temperamentos afetivos são frequentemente descritos como variações precoces na reatividade emocional, biologicamente determinadas e com uma estabilidade temporal sólida. O nosso objetivo foi analisar a variação do temperamento afetivo e a presença de estados tímicos dominantes em amostras clínicas (Perturbação Depressiva Major - PDM e Perturbação Bipolar - PB) e não clínicas, fazendo também a adaptação e tradução do Questionário de Temperamento Afetivo (ATQ) para português europeu (PT-EU). O ATQ foi administrado a 42 indivíduos com PDM, 64 com PB e 411 não clínicos. Um modelo de Análise Factorial Confirmatórial (AFC) de 3 fatores foi testado (compreendendo subescalas de temperamento hipertímico, ciclotímico e distímico), revelando bom ajuste e níveis aceitáveis de consistência interna. As subescalas do ATQ mostraram uma consistência interna geral mais alta em pessoas com perturbações do humor. Suporte para validade convergente foi encontrado. Pessoas com PB e PDM apresentaram maior prevalência nos temperamentos Ciclotímico e Distímico do que as da amostra não clínica, embora não tenham diferido significativamente entre eles em relação ao último. Os resultados sugerem que o ATQ é uma medida de autorrelato válida e fiável para avaliar os temperamentos afetivos na população portuguesa e provou ser aceitável para amostras clínicas e não clínicas. Essa medida pode ser aplicada para detectar vulnerabilidade precoce a perturbações afetivas, o que pode ser muito útil no ambiente clínico e nos cuidados de saúde primários.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Affective temperament]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ATQ]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bipolar disorder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Major depressive disorder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Confirmatory factor analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psychometric properties.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Temperamento afetivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ATQ]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Perturbação bipolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Perturbação depressiva major]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Análise factorial confirmatória]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Propriedades psicométricas.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Delineating irritable and hyperthymic variants of the cyclothymic temperament]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>326-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dysthymia, cyclothymia and related chronic subthreshold mood disorders]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Ibor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreasen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[New Oxford textbook of psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>736-49</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dysthymia and cyclothymia in psychiatric practice a century after Kraepelin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>17-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TEMPS: Temperament evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In search of Aristotle: Temperament, human nature, melancholia, creativity and eminence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hantouche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allilaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bipolar II with and without cyclothymic temperament: &#8220;dark&#8221; and &#8220;sunny&#8221; expressions of soft bipolarity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>49-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Criteria for the &#8220;soft&#8221; bipolar spectrum: Treatment implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychopharmacology Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>68-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendlowicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jean-Louis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rapaport]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelsoe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TEMPS-A: Validation of a short version of a self-rated instrument designed to measure variations in temperament]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>45-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The soft bipolar spectrum: Footnotes to Kraepelin on the interface of hypomania, temperament and depression]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marneros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bipolar disorders]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>37-62</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Placidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maremmani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Signoretta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liguori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gervasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puzantian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TEMPS-I: Delineating the most discriminant traits of the cyclothymic, depressive, hyperthymic and irritable temperaments in a nonpatient population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>7-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The theoretical underpinnings of affective temperaments: Implications for evolutionary foundations of bipolar disorder and human nature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>231-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hedeker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>948-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbuckle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IBM SPSS and AMOS 22 User Guide]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IBM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castilho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The clinical interview for bipolar disorder]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Coimbra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Structural equation modeling with Amos: Basic concepts, applications, and programming]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<edition>2nd</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor and Francis Group]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boateng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neilands]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frongillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melgar-Quiñonez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Public Health]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fagiolini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dell&#8217;Osso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kupfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The mood spectrum in unipolar and bipolar disorder: Arguments for a unitary approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<page-range>1264-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<edition>2nd</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[awrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Severino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-A): Portuguese-Lisbon version]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pais-Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contribuição para o estudo da versão portuguesa da Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): II - Estudo psicométrico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>219-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From putative genes to temperament and culture: Cultural characteristics of the distribution of dominant affective temperaments in national studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<page-range>45-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creativity and bipolar disorder: A shared genetic vulnerability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Clinical Psychology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>239-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multivariate data analysis with readings]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<edition>4th</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hantouche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.-G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allilaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Construct validity of affective temperament questionnaire: Data from the National French Study &#8220;EPIDEP&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harnic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Innamorati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Nicola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catalano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruschi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Bono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions of personality in bipolar and cyclothymic patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Behavioral Medicine]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>17-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iliceto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niolu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rihmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Candilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between temperament, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness in adolescents: A structural equation model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Depression Research and Treatment]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Innamorati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rihmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erbuto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perugi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cyclothymic temperament rather than polarity is associated with hopelessness and suicidality in hospitalized patients with mood disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>170</volume>
<page-range>161-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Light]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cloninger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-mutilation and suicide attempts: Relationships to bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, temperament and character]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian &amp; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>250-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kraepelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manic-depressive insanity and paranoia]]></source>
<year>1921</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[E&amp;S Levingstone]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Light]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frampton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Description and validation of the Affective Temperament Questionnaire]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comprehensive Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>477-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendlowicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelsoe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rapaport]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jean-Louis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temperament in the clinical differentiation of depressed bipolar and unipolar major depressive patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>219-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bipolar depression: phenomenological overview and clinical characteristics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bipolar Disorders]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>530-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morvan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tibaoui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lôo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krebs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Confirmation of the factorial structure of temperamental autoquestionnaire TEMPS-A in non-clinical young adults and relation to current state of anxiety, depression and to schizotypal traits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<numero>1-3</numero>
<issue>1-3</issue>
<page-range>37-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pais-Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meneses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baltar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation study of a Portuguese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychology, Health &amp; Medicine]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>225-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palagini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miniati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caruso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salarpi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marazziti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between affective temperaments and mood features in bipolar disorder II: The role of insomnia and chronobiological rhythms desynchronization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>266</volume>
<page-range>263-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perugi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hantouche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vannucchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cyclothymia reloaded: A reappraisal of the most misconceived affective disorder]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<page-range>119-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A meta-analysis of cronbach&#8217;s alpha]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Consumer Research]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>381-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montgomery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of anxiety disorders comorbidity in bipolar depression, unipolar depression and dysthymia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2-3</numero>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<page-range>145-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Placidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dell&#8217;Osso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recurrent mood disorders: New perspective in therapy]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<edition>1st</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer-Verlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldessarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inammorati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rihmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erbuto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serafini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temperaments in psychotic and major affective disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>225</volume>
<page-range>195-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pennica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serafini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Battuello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Innamorati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aceti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Depression and affective temperaments are associated with poor health-related quality of life in patients with HIV infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Psychiatric Practice]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>109-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rihmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Innamorati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatarelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment and treatment of suicide risk in bipolar disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>109-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rettew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temperament and its role in developmental psychopathology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Harvard Review of Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>14-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rihmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rihmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akiskal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current research on affective temperaments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Opinion in Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>12-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castilho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Uncovering affective temperaments: Validation Study of the ATQ in a Portuguese non-clinical sample]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sajatovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rating scales in bipolar disorder]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nierenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geddes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical trial design challenges in mood disorders]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>105-36</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shansis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berlim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattevi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desenvolvimento da versão em português da Escala Administrada pelo Clínico para Avaliação de Mania (EACA-M): &#8220;Escala de Mania de Altman&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>412-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shingala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajyaguru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of post hoc tests for unequal variance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>22-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojjanasrirat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>268-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<edition>4th</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A dictionary of statistics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Affective temperaments and mood disorders: A review of current knowledge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Psychiatry Reviews]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>21-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Affective temperaments in general population: A review and combined analysis from national studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>18-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrantes-Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwapil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The expression of affective temperaments in daily life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>145</volume>
<page-range>179-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Royal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrantes-Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwapil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The association of affective temperaments with impairment and psychopathology in a young adult sample]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Affective Disorders]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>141</volume>
<page-range>373-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tellegen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>1063-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zigmond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snaith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The hospital anxiety and depression scale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>361-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
