<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8312</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência & Tecnologia dos Materiais]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[C.Tecn. Mat.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8312</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-83122008000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bearing properties of portuguese pine wood beneath a laterally loaded dowel]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jesus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.P. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lousada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.P.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Department of Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Department of Forestry Science ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Vila Real</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<fpage>45</fpage>
<lpage>51</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The pine wood (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is one of the species with larger implantation in Portugal. Its use for structural applications requires an adequate knowledge of its mechanical behaviour. In particular, for designing doweled joints, it is essential to know the bearing properties beneath the dowel. This paper reports a comprehensive experimental program aiming the determination of the bearing properties of the Portuguese pine wood. The embedding strength is evaluated in longitudinal and radial directions according two alternative standards, namely the ASTM D 5764 and EN 383 standards. Results are compared with empirical relations proposed in design codes of practice (e.g. EC5). Also, foundation moduli are evaluated in both directions according both standards. The experimental work also includes the test of a single dowel double shear wood connection. Additionally, some elastic strength properties are evaluated from small specimens of clear wood in order to better characterize the mechanical behaviour of the wood species.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O pinheiro (Pinus pinaster Ait.) é uma das espécies com maior implantação em Portugal. A sua utilização para aplicações estruturais requer um conhecimento adequado do seu comportamento mecânico. Em particular, para o projecto de ligações do tipo cavilha é essencial conhecer as propriedades de resistência ao esmagamento localizado. Este trabalho consiste num extenso programa experimental com vista à determinação destas propriedades, usando madeira de pinho Português. A resistência ao esmagamento localizado é avaliada nas direcções longitudinal e radial, segundo duas normas alternativas, nomeadamente a ASTM D 5764 e EN 383. Os resultados são comparados com as relações empíricas propostas em códigos de projecto actuais (ex: EC5). O módulo de fundação também é avaliado nas duas direcções, segundo ambas as normas. O trabalho experimental inclui ainda uma série de ensaios de uma ligação de corte duplo e cavilha única. Algumas propriedades elásticas e de resistência da madeira limpa foram aferidas com base em ensaios, a fim de melhor caracterizar o comportamento mecânico da espécie Pinus pinaster Ait.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pinus pinaster Ait.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dowel-type Connection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Embedding Strength]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Foundation Modulus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EN 383]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ASTM D 5764]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pinus pinaster Ait.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ligação tipo Cavilha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Resistência ao Esmagamento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Módulo de Fundação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[EN 383]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ASTM D 5764]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="CENTER"><b>Bearing properties of portuguese pine wood beneath a laterally  loaded dowel </b></p>     <p align="CENTER">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="CENTER">C.L. Santos*, A.M.P.  de Jesus**, J.J.L. Morais*, J.L.P.C. Lousada***</p>     <p align="CENTER">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="CENTER">*CITAB/Department  of Engineering, **Department of Engineering, ***Department of Forestry Science  University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro</p>      <p align="CENTER">Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real</p>      <p align="CENTER"><a href="mailto:clsantos@utad.pt">clsantos@utad.pt</a></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>ABSTRACT: </b>The pine wood (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is one  of the species with larger implantation in Portugal. Its use for structural applications  requires an adequate knowledge of its mechanical behaviour. In particular, for  designing doweled joints, it is essential to know the bearing properties beneath  the dowel. This paper reports a comprehensive experimental program aiming the  determination of the bearing properties of the Portuguese pine wood. The embedding  strength is evaluated in longitudinal and radial directions according two alternative  standards, namely the ASTM D 5764 and EN 383 standards. Results are compared with  empirical relations proposed in design codes of practice (e.g. EC5). Also, foundation  moduli are evaluated in both directions according both standards. The experimental  work also includes the test of a single dowel double shear wood connection. Additionally,  some elastic strength properties are evaluated from small specimens of clear wood  in order to better characterize the mechanical behaviour of the wood species.  </p>    <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>Keywords:</b> Pinus pinaster Ait., Dowel-type Connection,  Embedding Strength, Foundation Modulus, EN 383, ASTM D 5764.</p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>          <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>RESUMO: </b>O pinheiro (Pinus pinaster Ait.) é uma das  espécies com maior implantação em Portugal. A sua utilização para aplicações estruturais  requer um conhecimento adequado do seu comportamento mecânico. Em particular,  para o projecto de ligações do tipo cavilha é essencial conhecer as propriedades  de resistência ao esmagamento localizado. Este trabalho consiste num extenso programa  experimental com vista à determinação destas propriedades, usando madeira de pinho  Português. A resistência ao esmagamento localizado é avaliada nas direcções longitudinal  e radial, segundo duas normas alternativas, nomeadamente a ASTM D 5764 e EN 383.  Os resultados são comparados com as relações empíricas propostas em códigos de  projecto actuais (ex: EC5). O módulo de fundação também é avaliado nas duas direcções,  segundo ambas as normas. O trabalho experimental inclui ainda uma série de ensaios  de uma ligação de corte duplo e cavilha única. Algumas propriedades elásticas  e de resistência da madeira limpa foram aferidas com base em ensaios, a fim de  melhor caracterizar o comportamento mecânico da espécie Pinus pinaster Ait.</p>    <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>Palavras  chave: </b>Pinus pinaster Ait., Ligação tipo Cavilha, Resistência ao Esmagamento,  Módulo de Fundação, EN 383, ASTM D 5764.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>REFERENCES</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>[1] R.Y. Itany and K.F. Faherty, <i>Structural wood research, state-of-the-art and research needs</i>, 1984, ASCE, New York .&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=142901&pid=S0870-8312200800010000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>[2] L.A. Soltis and T.L. Wilkinson, <i>Bolted-Connection Design, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-54</i>, 1987, Forest Products Laboratory – USDA, Madison.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>[3] European Committee for Standardization, <i>EN 1995-1-1 Design of timber structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings</i>, 2004, Brussels.</p>      <p>[4] K.W. Johansen, <i>International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering: IABSE Journal</i> <b>9</b> (1949) 249.</p>      <p>[5] European Committee for Standardization, <i>EN 383: Timber Structures. Test Methods. Determination of embedding strength and foundation values for dowel type fasteners</i>, 1993, Brussels.</p>      <p>[6] American Society for Testing and Materials, <i>ASTM D 5764: Standard Test Method For Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-based Products</i>, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2002) Vol. 03.01.</p>      <p>[7] European Committee for Standardization, <i>EN 26891: Timber Structures. Test Methods. Determination of embedding strength and foundation values for dowel type fasteners</i>, 1993, Brussels.</p>      <p>[8] J.C. Xavier, <i>MSc Thesis</i>, 2003, UTAD, Vila Real.</p>      <p>[9] M. Oliveira, <i>MSc Thesis</i>, 2003, UTAD, Vila Real.</p>      <p>[10] J. Pereira, <i>MSc Thesis</i>, 2003, UTAD, Vila Real. </p>      <p>[11] N. Garrido, <i>MSc Thesis</i>, 2004, UTAD, Vila Real. </p>      <p>[12] American Society of Civil Engineers, <i>National Design and Specification for timber construction of US</i>, 1997.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Itany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Structural wood research, state-of-the-art and research needs]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ASCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
