<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8312</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência & Tecnologia dos Materiais]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[C.Tecn. Mat.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8312</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-83122008000100008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fracture behaviour of a new submicron grained cemented carbide]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.A. Costa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Cruz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sacramento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,INETI - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia,Tecnologia e Inovação, I.P Departamento de Materiais e Tecnologias de Produção ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Técnica de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,DURIT Metalurgia Portuguesa do Tungsténio Lda.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Albergaria-A-Velha ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<fpage>52</fpage>
<lpage>59</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this work, the effect of increasing argon pressure applied on a post-sintering treatment from 3 MPa to 100 MPa on the mechanical properties of a newly developed hardmetal grade, namely, hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness, is reported. The as-received material has been previously sintered at 1460ºC under 2 MPa argon pressure from powder mixtures of WC and 3.5 wt% Co together with minor additions of VC, graphite and a pressing lubricant. By increasing the argon pressure, a significant increase in flexural strength from » 1500 MPa to » 3000 MPa was observed, whilst hardness (HV30»2000) and fracture toughness (»8 MN.m-3/2) remained practically unchanged. Both microstructural and fractographic studies revealed that this is mainly attributed to a decrease in the amount and size of microstructural defects (namely, pores and metallic inclusions). Furthermore, fracture has been found to occur mainly by intrinsic (bulk) defects rather than surface-related ones, suggesting that surface finishing did not affect flexural strength measurements. Hot isostatic pressing has been successfully used to consolidate WC-3.5wt% Co composites with submicron WC grains size confirming that porosity reduction results in flexural strength improvement.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Apresenta-se o estudo do efeito nas propriedades mecânicas de um novo grau de metal duro, em resultado do aumento da pressão de árgon aplicada num tratamento de pós-sinterização. O material foi previamente sinterizado a 1460ºC, à pressão de árgon de 2 MPa, a partir de misturas de pós de WC conjuntamente com 3,5 %p de Co e pequenas adições de VC, grafite e um lubrificante adequado à prensagem. Registou-se um aumento significativo da resistência à flexão de » 1500 MPa para » 3000 MPa quando se aumentou a pressão de árgon de 3 para 100 MPa, ao mesmo tempo que a dureza (HV30»2000) e a tenacidade à fractura (»8 MN.m-3/2) permaneceram praticamente inalteradas. Estudos microestruturais e de análise de fractura revelaram que este comportamento se deve fundamentalmente à diminuição da quantidade e do tamanho dos defeitos críticos (nomeadamente, poros e inclusões metálicas). Além disso, observou-se que a fractura ocorre devido a defeitos intrínsecos e não a defeitos de superfície, o que sugere que o acabamento de superfície aplicado não afecta a medida da resistência à flexão. Constata-se que a prensagem isostática a quente é uma técnica adequada para a obtenção de compósitos de WC-3,5%p Co com tamanho de grão submicrométrico, verificando-se que a diminuição do teor da porosidade residual provoca um notável aumento da resistência à flexão.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hardmetal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Flexural strength]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fractography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fracture toughness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microstructure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Metal duro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Resistência à flexão]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Análise de fractura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Tenacidade à fractura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Microestrutura]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="CENTER"><b>Fracture behaviour of a new submicron grained cemented carbide</b></p>     <p align="CENTER">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="CENTER">F.A. Costa Oliveira<sup>1,2</sup>*, A.C. Lopes<sup>2</sup>,    J. Cruz Fernandes<sup>2</sup>, J. Sacramento<sup>3</sup>, M.A. Valente<sup>3</sup></p>     <p align="CENTER">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="CENTER"><sup>1</sup> Departamento de Materiais e Tecnologias de Produção,    INETI, I.P., Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal. </p>     <p align="CENTER"><sup>2 </sup>Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Instituto    Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.</p>     <p align="CENTER"><sup>3</sup> DURIT Metalurgia Portuguesa do Tungsténio Lda.,    Apartado 24P, 3850 Albergaria-A-Velha, Portugal.</p>     <p align="CENTER"><a href="mailto:fernando.oliveira@ineti.pt">fernando.oliveira@ineti.pt</a></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>ABSTRACT: </b>In this work, the effect of increasing argon  pressure applied on a post-sintering treatment from 3 MPa to 100 MPa on the mechanical  properties of a newly developed hardmetal grade, namely, hardness, flexural strength  and fracture toughness, is reported. The as-received material has been previously  sintered at 1460ºC under 2 MPa argon pressure from powder mixtures of WC and 3.5  wt% Co together with minor additions of VC, graphite and a pressing lubricant.</p>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="JUSTIFY">By  increasing the argon pressure, a significant increase in flexural strength from  » 1500 MPa to » 3000 MPa was observed, whilst hardness (HV30»2000) and fracture  toughness (»8 MN.m<sup>-3/2</sup>) remained practically unchanged. Both microstructural  and fractographic studies revealed that this is mainly attributed to a decrease  in the amount and size of microstructural defects (namely, pores and metallic  inclusions). Furthermore, fracture has been found to occur mainly by intrinsic  (bulk) defects rather than surface-related ones, suggesting that surface finishing  did not affect flexural strength measurements. </p>    <p align="JUSTIFY">Hot isostatic  pressing has been successfully used to consolidate WC-3.5wt% Co composites with  submicron WC grains size confirming that porosity reduction results in flexural  strength improvement. </p>    <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>Keywords:</b> Hardmetal; Flexural  strength; Fractography; Fracture toughness; Microstructure.</p>       <p>&nbsp;</p>          <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>RESUMO:</b>Apresenta-se o estudo do efeito nas propriedades  mecânicas de um novo grau de metal duro, em resultado do aumento da pressão de  árgon aplicada num tratamento de pós-sinterização. O material foi previamente  sinterizado a 1460ºC, à pressão de árgon de 2 MPa, a partir de misturas de pós  de WC conjuntamente com 3,5 %p de Co e pequenas adições de VC, grafite e um lubrificante  adequado à prensagem.</p>    <p align="JUSTIFY">Registou-se um aumento significativo  da resistência à flexão de » 1500 MPa para » 3000 MPa quando se aumentou a pressão  de árgon de 3 para 100 MPa, ao mesmo tempo que a dureza (HV30»2000) e a tenacidade  à fractura (»8 MN.m<sup>-3/2</sup>) permaneceram praticamente inalteradas. Estudos  microestruturais e de análise de fractura revelaram que este comportamento se  deve fundamentalmente à diminuição da quantidade e do tamanho dos defeitos críticos  (nomeadamente, poros e inclusões metálicas). Além disso, observou-se que a fractura  ocorre devido a defeitos intrínsecos e não a defeitos de superfície, o que sugere  que o acabamento de superfície aplicado não afecta a medida da resistência à flexão.</p>    <p align="JUSTIFY">Constata-se  que a prensagem isostática a quente é uma técnica adequada para a obtenção de  compósitos de WC-3,5%p Co com tamanho de grão submicrométrico, verificando-se  que a diminuição do teor da porosidade residual provoca um notável aumento da  resistência à flexão.</p>    <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>Palavras chave: </b>Metal duro;  Resistência à flexão; Análise de fractura; Tenacidade à fractura; Microestrutura.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>REFERENCES</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>[1] W.D. Schubert, A. Bock and B. Lux, B., <i>Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater.</i> <b>13</b> (1995) 281.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=142941&pid=S0870-8312200800010000800001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>[2] W.D. Schubert, H. Neumeister, G. Kinger and B. Lux,  <i>Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater</i>. <b>16</b> (1998) 133.</p>      <p>[3] V. Richter, M.v. Ruthendorf, <i>Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater</i>., <b>17</b> (1999) 141.</p>      <p>[4] G. Gille, B. Szesny, K. Dreyer, H. van den Berg, J. Schmidt, T. Gestrich and G.  Leitner, <i>Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater</i>. <b>20</b> (2002) 3.</p>      <p>[5] P.V. Krakhmalev, T.A. Rodil and J. Bergström, <i>Wear</i> <b>236</b> (2007) 240.</p>      <p>[6] K. Brookes, <i>Met. Powd. Report</i> <b>60</b> (2005) 24.</p>      <p>[7] L. Zhang, G. Liu, G. Yang, S. Chen, B. Huang and C. Zhang, <i>Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard  Mater.</i> <b>25</b> (2007) 166.</p>      ]]></body>
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<ref-list>
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<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schubert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
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<surname><![CDATA[B. Lux]]></surname>
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</article>
