<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8312</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência & Tecnologia dos Materiais]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[C.Tecn. Mat.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8312</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-83122008000100013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fatigue behaviour of a structural steel under non-proportional multiaxial loading]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Técnica de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Department of Mechanical Engineering]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<fpage>87</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-83122008000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper reports experimental studies on the fatigue behaviour of 42CrMo4 steel under non-proportional loading conditions. Although the 42CrMo4 steel is widely used in complex stressed components such as shafts, etc, most of the studies in the literature were on the uni-axial fatigue behaviour of this steel. The objective of this work is to study the mechanical behaviour of the steel 42CrMo4 under specified multiaxial fatigue loading conditions, which will allow a better understanding of the ratio between normal and shear stress, and validate the fatigue damage models. A series of tests were carried out in load control for several multiaxial fatigue loading paths. Experimental results show that the ratio between normal stress and shear stress components has a strong influence to fatigue damage and consequently to fatigue life. Multiaxial fatigue damage models based on the shear stress amplitude are applied to correlate the test results, improved correlation results are shown.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o comportamento em fadiga multiaxial do aço 42CrMo4, sob condições de carregamento não proporcional. Embora o aço 42CrMo4 seja utilizado em muitos componentes mecânicos, a maioria dos estudos referenciados na literatura apenas referem o seu comportamento em fadiga uniaxial. O objectivo deste trabalho é estudar o comportamento mecânico do aço 42CrMo4 sob condições especificas de carregamento, as quais permitirão um melhor entendimento do rácio entre a componente da tensão normal e da tensão de corte e consequentemente validar os modelos de dano à fadiga. Foram realizados vários testes, em controlo de carga, para diferentes trajectórias de carregamento. Os resultados experimentais mostram que o rácio entre a componente da tensão normal e da tensão de corte tem uma forte influência no dano à fadiga e consequentemente na vida à fadiga. São utilizados modelos de dano à fadiga multiaxial, baseados na amplitude da tensão de corte, para correlacionar com os resultados experimentais. Com o novo rácio obtém-se uma melhor correlação dos resultados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Multiaxial fatigue]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Non-proportional loading]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Plasticity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cyclic hardening]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Multiaxial Fatigue models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fadiga multiaxial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Carregamento não-proporcional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Plasticidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Encruamento cíclico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Modelos fadiga multiaxial]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="CENTER"><b>Fatigue behaviour of a structural steel under non-proportional  multiaxial loading </b></p>    <p align="CENTER">&nbsp;</p>    <p align="CENTER">Luís Reis<sup>*</sup>,  Bin Li, Manuel de Freitas</p>    <p align="CENTER">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="CENTER">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico,    Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa</p>     <p align="CENTER">E-mail: <a href="mailto:lreis@ist.utl.pt">lreis@ist.utl.pt</a></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>ABSTRACT: </b>This paper reports experimental studies on  the fatigue behaviour of 42CrMo4 steel under non-proportional loading conditions.  Although the 42CrMo4 steel is widely used in complex stressed components such  as shafts, etc, most of the studies in the literature were on the uni-axial fatigue  behaviour of this steel. The objective of this work is to study the mechanical  behaviour of the steel 42CrMo4 under specified multiaxial fatigue loading conditions,  which will allow a better understanding of the ratio between normal and shear  stress, and validate the fatigue damage models. A series of tests were carried  out in load control for several multiaxial fatigue loading paths. Experimental  results show that the ratio between normal stress and shear stress components  has a strong influence to fatigue damage and consequently to fatigue life. Multiaxial  fatigue damage models based on the shear stress amplitude are applied to correlate  the test results, improved correlation results are shown.</p>    <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>Keywords:</b>  Multiaxial fatigue, Non-proportional loading, Plasticity, Cyclic hardening, Multiaxial  Fatigue models.</p>       <p>&nbsp;</p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="JUSTIFY"><b>RESUMO:</b> Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o comportamento  em fadiga multiaxial do aço 42CrMo4, sob condições de carregamento não proporcional.  Embora o aço 42CrMo4 seja utilizado em muitos componentes mecânicos, a maioria  dos estudos referenciados na literatura apenas referem o seu comportamento em  fadiga uniaxial. O objectivo deste trabalho é estudar o comportamento mecânico  do aço 42CrMo4 sob condições especificas de carregamento, as quais permitirão  um melhor entendimento do rácio entre a componente da tensão normal e da tensão  de corte e consequentemente validar os modelos de dano à fadiga. Foram realizados  vários testes, em controlo de carga, para diferentes trajectórias de carregamento.  Os resultados experimentais mostram que o rácio entre a componente da tensão normal  e da tensão de corte tem uma forte influência no dano à fadiga e consequentemente  na vida à fadiga. São utilizados modelos de dano à fadiga multiaxial, baseados  na amplitude da tensão de corte, para correlacionar com os resultados experimentais.  Com o novo rácio obtém-se uma melhor correlação dos resultados.</p>    <p align="JUSTIFY"><b>Palavras  chave: </b>Fadiga multiaxial, Carregamento não-proporcional, Plasticidade, Encruamento  cíclico, Modelos fadiga multiaxial.</p>       <p>&nbsp;</p>       <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>       <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>REFERENCES</b></p>      <p>[1] Socie D. F. and Marquis G. B. Multiaxial Fatigue, SAE, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, (2000).</p>      <!-- ref --><p>[2] Papadopoulos, I.V., Davoli, P., Gorla, C., Fillipini, M.and Bernasconi, A. A comparative study of multiaxial high-cycle fatigue criteria for metals. International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 19, Nº3, pp. 219-235, (1997).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=143140&pid=S0870-8312200800010001300001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>[3] M. de Freitas, B. Li and J.L.T. Santos, Multiaxial Fatigue and Deformation: Testing and Prediction, ASTM STP 1387, S. Kaluri and P.J. Bonacuse, Eds., ASTM, West Consh, PA, pp.139-156. (2000).</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>[4] Sines, G., Metal Fatigue, (edited by G. Sines and J.L.Waisman), McGraw Hill, N.Y, pp.145-169, (1959).</p>      <p>[5] Crossland, B., Proc. Int. Conf. on Fatigue of Metals, Inst. of  Mech. Eng, London, pp.138-149, (1956).</p>      <p>[6] ASME Code Case N-47-23 (1988) Case of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, ASME.</p>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papadopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fillipini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernasconi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A comparative study of multiaxial high-cycle fatigue criteria for metals.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Fatigue]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>219-235</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
