<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0871-018X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciências Agrárias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. de Ciências Agrárias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0871-018X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade de Ciências Agrárias de Portugal]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0871-018X2007000100016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeito da profundidade de colocação do tubo de rega gota-a-gota na uniformidade de rega e na eficiência do uso da água em tomate de indústria]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of drip line depth on irrigation uniformity and water use efficiency in processing tomato]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.R.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Évora Departamento de Fitotecnia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Évora Instituto de Ciências Agrárias Mediterrâneas (ICAM) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Évora ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>162</fpage>
<lpage>171</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0871-018X2007000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0871-018X2007000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0871-018X2007000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[A influência da profundidade da colocação dos gotejadores na uniformidade de rega e na eficiência do uso da água foi avaliada, durante dois anos, num ensaio em “split-plot”, com quatro repetições, sendo o tratamento principal a profundidade de colocação do tubo de rega: à superfície do solo (P0), a 20 cm (PI) e a 40 cm (PII) e o secundário a cultivar: Brigade e H3044. Nos dois anos, o débito médio dos gotejadores foi semelhante nos diferentes tratamentos. Os coeficientes de uniformidade (CU) e de variação (CV) e a uniformidade de distribuição (UD), determinados após a colheita da cultura, não foram afectados pela profundidade de colocação do tubo, tendo variado respectivamente, entre 96,5 e 98,2%, 1,91 e 4,15% e 94,5 e 97,4%. A rega gota-a-gota subsuperficial, comparativamente com a superficial, contribuiu para o aumento da eficiência do uso da água (Produção comercial/ETa) em 14%, fundamentalmente devido a uma diminuição da ETa, na fase inicial da cultura.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The influence of drip line depth on irrigation uniformity and water use efficiency in processing tomato was evaluated in a two years field trial in split-plot with three drip irrigation depths: surface (P0), subsurface at 20 cm (PI) and 40 cm (PII) and two processing tomato cv, Brigade and H3044. The mean emitter flow rate, in both years, was similar for the different treatments of drip line depth. The coefficients of uniformity (CU) and variation (CV) and the uniformity of distribution (UD), determined after the crop harvest, were not affected by drip irrigation depths, having varied respectively, between 96.5 and 98.2%, 1.91 and 4.15% and 94.5 and 97,4%. Compared with surface irrigation subsurface drip irrigation contributes to an increase of water use efficiency by 14%, mainly in result of a decrease in ETa during the first stages of crop growth.]]></p></abstract>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>Efeito da profundidade de colocação do tubo de rega gota-a-gota    na uniformidade de rega e na eficiência do uso da água em tomate de indústria    </b></p>     <p align="center"><b>Effect of drip line depth on irrigation uniformity and water    use efficiency in processing tomato </b></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <P align="center">R. M. A. Machado<Sup><a href="#1">1</a><a name="top1"></a></Sup>    &amp; M.R.G. Oliveira<Sup><a href="#1">1</a><a name="top1"></a> </Sup></P>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b>RESUMO </b></p>     <p>A influência da profundidade da colocação dos gotejadores na uniformidade de    rega e na eficiência do uso da água foi avaliada, durante dois anos, num ensaio    em “split-plot”, com quatro repetições, sendo o tratamento principal a profundidade    de colocação do tubo de rega: à superfície do solo (P0), a 20 cm (PI) e a 40    cm (PII) e o secundário a cultivar: Brigade e H3044. Nos dois anos, o débito    médio dos gotejadores foi semelhante nos diferentes tratamentos. Os coeficientes    de uniformidade (CU) e de variação (CV) e a uniformidade de distribuição (UD),    determinados após a colheita da cultura, não foram afectados pela profundidade    de colocação do tubo, tendo variado respectivamente, entre 96,5 e 98,2%, 1,91    e 4,15% e 94,5 e 97,4%. A rega gota-a-gota subsuperficial, comparativamente    com a superficial, contribuiu para o aumento da eficiência do uso da água (Produção    comercial/ETa) em 14%, fundamentalmente devido a uma diminuição da ETa, na fase    inicial da cultura. </P>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b>ABSTRACT </b></p>     <p>The influence of drip line depth on irrigation uniformity and water use efficiency    in processing tomato was evaluated in a two years field trial in split-plot    with three drip irrigation depths: surface (P0), subsurface at 20 cm (PI) and    40 cm (PII) and two processing tomato cv, Brigade and H3044. The mean emitter    flow rate, in both years, was similar for the different treatments of drip line    depth. The coefficients of uniformity (CU) and variation (CV) and the uniformity    of distribution (UD), determined after the crop harvest, were not affected by    drip irrigation depths, having varied respectively, between 96.5 and 98.2%,    1.91 and 4.15% and 94.5 and 97,4%. Compared with surface irrigation subsurface    drip irrigation contributes to an increase of water use efficiency by 14%, mainly    in result of a decrease in ETa during the first stages of crop growth. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b>REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS </b></p>     <!-- ref --><p>ASAE. 1989. Field evaluation of micro-irrigation system. ASAE Ep.459, ASAE    Standards &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000018&pid=S0871-018X200700010001600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Ayars, J. E. Phene, C. J. Hutmacher, R. B. Davis, R. R. Schoneman, R. A. Vail,    S. S. &amp; Mead, R. M. 1999. Subsurface drip irrigation of row crops: a review    of 15 years of research at the Water Management Research Laboratory. <i>Agric.    Water Manage.</i>, <b>42</b>:1-27. </P>     <p>Bralts, V. F. &amp; Kesner, C. D. 1983. Drip irrigation field uniformity estimation,    <i>Transactions of the ASAE</i>, <b>26</b>:1369-1374. </P>     <p>Camp, C. R. 1998. Subsurface drip irrigation: a review. <i>Transactions of    the ASAE</i>, <b>41(5)</b>:1353-1367.</P>     <P>Camp, C. R. Sadler, E. J. &amp; Busscher, W. J. 1997. A comparison of uniformity    measures for drip irrigation systems. <i>Transactions of the ASAE</i>, <b>40    (4)</b>:1013-1020. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Doorrenbos, J. &amp; Kassam, A. H. 1986. Yield response to water. FAO, <i>Irrigation    and Drainage Paper</i>, 33, Rome </P>     <p>Howell, T. 1994. Irrigation engineering, evapotranspiration. <i>In</i> C.J.    Arntzem &amp; E.M. Ritter (eds) <i>Encyclopedia of Agricultural Science</i>,    vol. 2, pp. 591-600.</P>     <p>Howell, T. A. Schneider, A. D. &amp; Evett, S. R. 1997. Subsurface and surface    microirrigation of corn – Southern High Plains. <i>Transactions of the ASAE</i>,    <b>40(3)</b>:635 – 641. </P>     <p>Kruse, E. G. 1978. Describing irrigation efficiency and uniformity. <i>J. Irrig.    Drain.</i>, <b>104</b>:35-41. </P>     <p>Machado, R.M.A. 2002. <i>Estudos Sobre a Influência da Rega-Gota-a-Gota Sub-superficial    na Dinamica de Enraizamento, no Rendimento Físico e na Qualidade da Matéria-Prima    do Tomate de Indústria.</i> Tese de doutoramento, Universidade de Évora, Évora.  </P>     <p>Machado, R.M.A. Oliveira, M.R.G. &amp; Portas, C.A.M. 2003. Tomato root distribution,    yield and fruit quality under subsurface drip irrigation. <i>Plant and Soil</i>,    <b>255 (1)</b>:333-341 </P>     <p>Pereira, L. S. Oweis, T.&amp; Zairi A. 2002. Irrigation management under water    scarcity. <i>Agric. Water Management</i>, <b>57</b>:175-206. </P>     <p>Phene, C. J. Davis, K. R. Hutmacher, R. B. &amp; Mccormick, R. L.1987. Advantages    of subsurface irrigation for processing tomatoes. <b>Acta Horticulturae</b>,    <b>200</b>:101-113. </P>     <p>Phene, C. J. Hutmacher, R. B. Ayars, J. E. Davis, K. R. Mead, R. M. &amp; Schoneman,    R. A. 1992a. Maximizing water use efficiency with subsurface drip irrigation.    <i>International Summer Meeting</i>, pp. 1-20, Charlotte. </P>     <p>Phene, C. J. Mccormick, R. L. Davis, K. R. Pierro, J. &amp; Meek, D. W. 1989.    A lysimeter feedback system for precise evapotranspiration measurement and irrigation    control. <i>Transactions of ASAE</i>, <b>32(2)</b>:477-484. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Phene, C. J. Yue, R. Wu, I. P. Ayars, J. E. Schoneman, R. A. &amp; Meso, B.    1992b. Distribution uniformity of subsurface drip irrigation systems, pp.1-14    International Winter Meeting, Nashville. </P>     <p>Yue, R. Phene, C. J. Dake, F. Ayars, J. E. Schoneman, R. A. Wu, I. P. &amp;    Kong, L. 1993. Field uniformity of subsurface drip irrigation. <i>In</i> G.S.    Jorgensen &amp; K.N. Norum (eds) <i>Subsurface Drip Irrigation - Theory, Practices    and Application</i>, pp. 181-182. Visalia, California. </P>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><Sup><a href="#top1">1</a><a name="1"></a> </Sup>Dep. Fitotecnia e Instituto    de Ciências Agrárias Mediterrâneas (ICAM), Universidade de Évora Apartado 94,    7002-554 Évora; e-mail: <a href="mailto:rmam@uevora.pt">rmam@uevora.pt</a> </P>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ASAE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Field evaluation of micro-irrigation system.]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<page-range>459</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[ASAE Standards]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
