Influence of dairy cattle slurry solid fraction physical characteristics on chemical characteristics of composts
L. M. Brito1, A. L. Amaro1, A. S. Fernandes2 & I. Mourão1
RESUMO
As características físicas das pilhas de compostagem da fracção sólida do chorume (FSC) são responsáveis pela criação de condições aeróbias ou anaeróbias e determinam a actividade metabólica e a temperatura no interior das pilhas. Aqui, a FSC de duas explorações leiteiras foi compostada em pilhas com e sem volteio, com o volume de 5 m3 no interior de um túnel, cobertas com um filme de polietileno, ou descobertas, e com o volume de 15 m3 no exterior do túnel, cobertas com um filme de polietileno, ou com uma tela geotextil que não permite a infiltração de água mas permite as trocas gasosas.
As pilhas cobertas com tela geotextil e as pilhas descobertas atingiram temperaturas mais elevadas na fase termófila da compostagem em comparação com as pilhas cobertas com polietileno porque beneficia-ram com a difusão do oxigénio. Quando cobertas com polietileno as temperaturas mais baixas registaram-se nas pilhas com a FSC que possuía inicialmente maior teor de humidade.
As características físicas como a temperatura, humidade e arejamento das pilhas foram comparadas periodicamente durante a compostagem com características químicas dos compostados, designadamente, pH, condutividade eléctrica, matéria orgânica, azoto Kjeldahl e razão C/N. Relacionaramse as perdas de matéria orgânica durante a compostagem com a concentração de N no material compostado, verificando-se que a FSC pode ser compostada com perdas mínimas de N em pilhas estáticas com um número reduzido de volteios.
ABSTRACT
]]> The physical characteristics of the solid fraction from slurry are responsible for the creation of aerobic or anaerobic conditions and therefore for the metabolic activity and the temperature inside the composting pile. Here, the dairy cattle slurry solids from two different farms located at the NW Portugal was composted with and without turning the pile, in piles with 5 m3 inside an unheated greenhouse covered with a polyethylene film or not covered and with 15 m3 outside the greenhouse, covered with a polyethylene film or with a geotextile film which allowed gas exchange but not rain infiltration.The piles covered with the geotextile film or uncovered reached higher temperatures compared with those covered with the polyethylene film because the oxygen could be exchanged from outside. When covered with polyethylene the temperatures were lower inside the piles with initial lower dry matter content. The physical characteristics such as temperature, moisture and aeration inside the piles were periodically related to chemical characteristics such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, Kjeldahl N and C/N ratio. Organic matter losses were compared with N content throughout the composting period and it was concluded that the solid fraction from slurry can be composted with minimum N losses in static piles with a reduced number of turnings.
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1 Escola Superior Agrária de Ponte de Lima, Refóios, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima – Tel: (+351) 258 909 740 – Fax: (+351) 258 909 779 – E-mail: miguelbrito@esa.ipvc.pt
]]> 2 Divisão de Leite e Lacticínios, Direcção Regional de Agricultura de Entre Douro e Minho, S. Pedro de Merelim, 4700-859 Braga ]]>