<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0871-018X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciências Agrárias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. de Ciências Agrárias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0871-018X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade de Ciências Agrárias de Portugal]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0871-018X2009000100033</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeito da prática continuada do regadio sobre o complexo de troca do solo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect on soil exchange complex from continuous irrigation]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Piñeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trigueros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Elvas ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Extremadura Facultad de Ciencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Badajoz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (UTL) Instituto Superior de Agronomia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>370</fpage>
<lpage>383</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0871-018X2009000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0871-018X2009000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0871-018X2009000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Tendo como principal objectivo a análise das alterações provocadas no complexo de troca do solo pela prática continuada do regadio, recolhemos, de forma georeferenciada, nos 12400 ha que constituem o Perímetro de Rega do Caia e áreas imediatamente adjacentes (situado nos Municípios de Elvas e Campo Maior, distrito de Portalegre, Portugal), 14280 amostras da camada superficial do solo (0-20 cm), as quais, depois de misturadas 10 a 10 de forma a que cada amostra compósita representasse 11,1 ha, foram analisadas no que respeita à composição do complexo de troca do solo e à capacidade de troca catiónica (CTC). Com recurso a software apropriado (sistemas de informação geográfica - SIG), foi possível relacionar individualmente as amostras de solo analisadas com o sistema cultural (sequeiro, menos de 15 anos em regadio, entre 15 e 25 anos em regadio e mais de 25 anos em regadio) e com o grupo de solos presente (Regossolos, Cambissolos, Vertissolos, Calcissolos, Luvissolos e Fluvissolos), sendo então possível analisar a influência do sistema cultural no complexo de troca do solo e a forma como os diferentes grupos de solos eram influenciados pelo regadio. Com excepção dos Vertissolos, os resultados obtidos confirmam um decréscimo generalizado dos valores da capacidade de troca catiónica, soma de bases de troca e grau de saturação em bases e um aumento do teor de sódio de troca nos solos explorados em regadio, que tende a agravar-se ao longo do tempo, pelo menos nos primeiros 30 anos desta prática.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Being the main goal of this work the analysis of the changes in the soil exchange complex brought by the continued irrigation practice, we collect georeferenciatilly, in the 12400 ha constituting the Caia Irrigation Perimeter and adjacent areas (located in the Elvas and Campo Major region, Portalegre district, Portugal), 14280 topsoil samples (020 cm), which, after mixed 10 by 10, in a way that each aggregate sample represented 11.1 ha, were analyzed for soil exchange complex composition and for soil exchange capacity (CEC). With the use of appropriate software (Geographic Information Systems-GIS), it was possible to relate the results of individual samples analysed with the cultural system (rain feed, less than 15 years in irrigation, between 15 and 25 years in irrigation and more than 25 years in irrigation) and the soil group (Regosols, Cambisols, Vertisols, Calcisols, Luvisols and Fluvisols), and then analyze the influence of the cultural system in the soil exchange complex and how the different soil groups were influenced by irrigation. With the Vertisols exception, the results confirm a decline in soil exchange capacity, sum of bases and base saturation ratio values and an increase in the exchange sodium percentage, which tends to get worse over time, at least in the first 30 years of this practice.]]></p></abstract>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="CENTER"><b>Efeito da prática continuada do regadio sobre o complexo    de troca do solo </b></p>     <p align="CENTER"><b>Effect on soil exchange complex from continuous irrigation    </b></p>     <P align="CENTER">J. M. Nunes<Sup><a href="#1">1</a><a name="top1"></a></Sup>,    A. López-Piñeiro<Sup><a href="#2">2</a><a name="top2"></a></Sup>, J. P. Coelho<Sup><a href="#3">3</a><a name="top3"></a></Sup>,    S. Dias<Sup><a href="#1">1</a><a name="top1"></a></Sup>, C. Silva<Sup><a href="#1">1</a><a name="top1"></a></Sup>,    J. P. Trigueros<Sup><a href="#2">2</a><a name="top2"></a> </Sup>&amp; A. Muñoz<Sup><a href="#2">2</a><a name="top2"></a>    </Sup></P>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="CENTER"><b>RESUMO </b></p>     <p>Tendo como principal objectivo a análise das alterações provocadas no complexo    de troca do solo pela prática continuada do regadio, recolhemos, de forma georeferenciada,    nos 12400 ha que constituem o Perímetro de Rega do Caia e áreas imediatamente    adjacentes (situado nos Municípios de Elvas e Campo Maior, distrito de Portalegre,    Portugal), 14280 amostras da camada superficial do solo (0-20 cm), as quais,    depois de misturadas 10 a 10 de forma a que cada amostra compósita representasse    11,1 ha, foram analisadas no que respeita à composição do complexo de troca    do solo e à capacidade de troca catiónica (CTC). Com recurso a software apropriado    (sistemas de informação geográfica – SIG), foi possível relacionar individualmente    as amostras de solo analisadas com o sistema cultural (sequeiro, menos de 15    anos em regadio, entre 15 e 25 anos em regadio e mais de 25 anos em regadio)    e com o grupo de solos presente (Regossolos, Cambissolos, Vertissolos, Calcissolos,    Luvissolos e Fluvissolos), sendo então possível analisar a influência do sistema    cultural no complexo de troca do solo e a forma como os diferentes grupos de    solos eram influenciados pelo regadio. Com excepção dos Vertissolos, os resultados    obtidos confirmam um decréscimo generalizado dos valores da capacidade de troca    catiónica, soma de bases de troca e grau de saturação em bases e um aumento    do teor de sódio de troca nos solos explorados em regadio, que tende a agravar-se    ao longo do tempo, pelo menos nos primeiros 30 anos desta prática. </P>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="CENTER"><b>ABSTRACT </b></p>     <p>Being the main goal of this work the analysis of the changes in the soil exchange    complex brought by the continued irrigation practice, we collect georeferenciatilly,    in the 12400 ha constituting the Caia Irrigation Perimeter and adjacent areas    (located in the Elvas and Campo Major region, Portalegre district, Portugal),    14280 topsoil samples (020 cm), which, after mixed 10 by 10, in a way that each    aggregate sample represented 11.1 ha, were analyzed for soil exchange complex    composition and for soil exchange capacity (CEC). With the use of appropriate    software (Geographic Information Systems-GIS), it was possible to relate the    results of individual samples analysed with the cultural system (rain feed,    less than 15 years in irrigation, between 15 and 25 years in irrigation and    more than 25 years in irrigation) and the soil group (Regosols, Cambisols, Vertisols,    Calcisols, Luvisols and Fluvisols), and then analyze the influence of the cultural    system in the soil exchange complex and how the different soil groups were influenced    by irrigation. With the Vertisols exception, the results confirm a decline in    soil exchange capacity, sum of bases and base saturation ratio values and an    increase in the exchange sodium percentage, which tends to get worse over time,    at least in the first 30 years of this practice. </P>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b>BIBLIOGRAFIA</b></p>     <p>Ayers, J. &amp; Westcot, D. 1985. Water quality for agriculture. Irrigation    and drainage. FAO, Vol. 29 revised, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome,    Italy. </P>     <p>Bertrand, R., Keita, B. &amp; N´Diaye, M. 1993. La dégradation dessols des    périmètres irrigués des grandes vallées sudsahariennes (Cas de l´office du Niger    au Mali). <i>Cahiers Agricultures</i> <b>2</b>:318-329. </P>     <p>Biederbeck, V., Campbell, C., Ukrainetz, H., Curtin, D. &amp; Bouman. 1995.    Soil microbial and biochemical properties after ten years of fertilization with    urea and anhydrous ammonia. <i>Can J. Soil Sci.</i> <b>76</b>: 7-14. </P>     <p>Chan, K. Y., Belloti, W. D. &amp; Roberts, W. P. 1988. Changes in surface soil    properties: Vertisols under dryland cropping in a semi-arid environment. <i>Aust.    J. Soil Research</i>, <b>26</b>: 509-518. </P>     <p>Curtin, D., Steppuhn, H. &amp; Selles, F. 1994. Structural stability of chernozemic    soils as affected by exchangeable sodium and electrolyte concentration. <i>Can.    J. Soil Sci.</i> <b>74</b>: 157-164. </P>     <p>Falkiner, R. &amp; Smith, C. 1997. Changes in soil chemistry in effluent-irrigated    <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucaliptus grandis</i> plantations. <i>Aust. J.    Soil Res.</i>,. <b>35</b>:131-147. </P>     ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<p>Thellier, C., Holtzclaw, K. M., Rhoades, J. D. &amp; Sposito, G. 1990. Chemical    effects of saline irrigation water on a San Joaquin Valley soil: II. Field soil    samples. <i>J. Environ. Qual.</i> <b>19</b>: 56-60. </P>     <p>United States Departement of Agriculture (USDA). 1954. Diagnóstico y reabilitación    de suelos salinos y sódicos, Tradución de 1973 del Agriculture handbook nº 60,    Limusa, México. </P>     <p>Vera, F. &amp; Romero, J. 1994. Impacto ambiental de la actividad agraria.    <i>Agricultura y Sociedad</i> <b>71</b>: 153-181. </P>     <p>Varennes, A. 2003. Produtividade dos solos e ambiente. Escolar Editora, Lisboa,    Portugal </P>     <p>Yaalon, D. 1997. Soils in the mediterranean region: What makes them different?.    <i>Catena</i>, <b>28 (3-4)</b>: 157-169. </P>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><sup><a href="#top1">1</a><a name="1"></a> </sup>Escola Superior Agrária de    Elvas, Apt 254, 7350 Elvas. Email: <a href="mailto:ratonunes@esaelvas.pt">ratonunes@esaelvas.pt</a>;</P>     <p><Sup><a href="#top2">2</a><a name="2"></a> </Sup>Universidad de Extremadura,    Facultad de Ciencias. Avda Elvas s/n, Badajoz, Spain;</P>     <p><Sup><a href="#top3">3</a><a name="3"></a> </Sup>Universidade Técnica de Lisboa,    Inst. Sup. de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1300 Lisboa</P>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
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<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Regadio à espera de água.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gazeta das Aldeias]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
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</back>
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