<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0871-018X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciências Agrárias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. de Ciências Agrárias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0871-018X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade de Ciências Agrárias de Portugal]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0871-018X2023000200001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19084/rca.31307</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estudio preliminar de la respuesta fenológica de los principales cultivares de Pistacia vera L. en España frente al cambio climático]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Preliminary study of the phenological response of Pistacia vera L. main cultivars in Spain to climate change]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armadoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefano]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigo-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armadoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luca]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Empresa asesoramiento técnico &#8220;Pistacium Mediterraneo&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Real ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF) Centro de Investigación Agroambiental &#8220;El Chaparrillo&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Real ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitá della Tuscia Facultad Agraria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Viterbo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Empresa de asesoramiento agrotécnico &#8220;OMNIA Pistacho&#8221;  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Real ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0871-018X2023000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0871-018X2023000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0871-018X2023000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen España ha sufrido un aumento de temperatura (+1,3ºC) superior a la media mundial desde la época pre-industrial. Para un cultivo leñoso como el pistachero (P. vera L.), el calentamiento global puede suponer cambios en la floración de hembras y machos. Siendo un cultivo en plena expansión en España con más de 50.000 ha, 35.000 implantadas en los últimos 5 años; problemas potenciales de polinización tendrían un impacto negativo en las nuevas plantaciones. Por lo tanto, es importante considerar estas variaciones climáticas al elegir el cultivar. Este estudio consiste en una observación de las variaciones fenológicas en los principales cultivares teniendo en consideración datos climáticos y fenológicos de 5 años en dos periodos separados 12años. Se ha profundizado en las características fenológicas del pistachero, pudiendo sugerir las mejores combinaciones de los cultivares comunes. Se han detectado variaciones en la época de floración, sobre todo en machos con un adelantamiento en la aparición de esta fase y, especialmente, un acortamiento del periodo útil para la polinización en las hembras. El aumento de temperatura media registrada en estos 18 años (alrededor de +0,4 Cº) ha motivado este estudio que podría ser una herramienta para el cultivo futuro, que incluye la posibilidad de un ulterior aumento de las temperaturas medias en los próximos años.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Spain has experienced a remarkable 1.3ºC temperature increase, higher than the average world temperature increase registered since pre-industrial period. This trend for a crop such as pistachio (P. vera L.) can lead to changes in the flowering of females and males). Being a crop in full expansion in Spain with more than 50,000 ha, of which 35,000 were planted in the last 5 years; potential pollination problems could have negative impacts on new pistachio fields. Therefore, it is very important to consider these climatic issues when choosing the cultivar. This work studies the phenological variations in the main cultivars taking into account climatic and phenological data of four years in two-time frames separated by 18 years. Phenological characteristics of pistachio were studied deeply, suggesting the best combinations of the most common cultivars. Variations in the flowering season were observed, especially in males where an early flowering has been noted and, more strongly, a shortening of the useful period for pollination. The average temperature increase registered in these 18 years (around +0.4 Cº) has provided the basis for this study, which could be a useful tool for farmers in the future since we could possibly witness a further increase in average temperatures in next years.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fenología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pistacho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phenology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pistachio]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seeley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelling strategy in pomology development of the Utah models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Horticulturae]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>313</volume>
<page-range>297-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seeley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bloom delay in deciduous fruits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Horticultural Reviews]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>97-144</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benmoussa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luedeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghrab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben Mimoun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Severe winter chill decline impacts Tunisian fruit and nut orchards]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climatic Change]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1249-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couceiro-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gijón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez de Francisco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El cultivo del pistacho]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>772</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luedeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dapena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agroclimatic requirements and phenological responses to climate change of local apple cultivars in northwestern Spain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientia Horticulturae]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>283</volume>
<page-range>110093</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elnesr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alazba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An integral model to calculate the growing degree-days and heat units, a spreadsheet application]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Electronics in Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>37-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>FAOstat</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Datos sobre alimentación y agricultura]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rome, Italy ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gijón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couceiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El pistachero en Castilla-La Mancha. Primeros resultados (y 2). El cultivo en secano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fruticultura Profesional]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<page-range>36-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comportamiento varietal del Pistachero (Pistacia vera L.) y respuesta agronómica del portainjerto autóctono Pistacia terebinthus L. en Castilla-La Mancha]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>215</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad politécnica de Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Memmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couceiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gijón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenological behavior of two new male cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.): 'Chaparrillo' and 'Guerrero']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Horticulturae]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>1028</volume>
<page-range>297-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haokip]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shankar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalrinngheta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climate change and its impact on fruit crops]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>435-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Irrigation Scheduling of Potato Using Growing-Degree-Days-Based Crop Coefficients under Erzurum Conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[TABAD Tar&#305;m Bilimleri Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Dergisi]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>11-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabezas-Luque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arquero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabaldón-Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of phenology in the climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for tree crops: a case study on almond orchards in Southern Europe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultural and Forest Meteorology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>294</volume>
<page-range>108142</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmoudi Meimand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alipour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamshiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esmaeili Zadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pistachio Production Management in Iran by Rest-breaking Treatment and Comparison of Dynamic vs Chill Hour Model for Chill Accumulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Erwerbs-Obstbau]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>271-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MAPA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta sobre superficies y rendimientos (ESYRCE)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Agricultura Pesca y Alimentación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMaster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilhelm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultural and Forest Meteorology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>291-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seeley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Model for Estimating the Completion of Rest for &#8216;Redhaven&#8217; and &#8216;Elberta&#8217; Peach Trees]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[HortScience]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>331-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rulm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vukovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milatovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of different methods for Determining Growing Degree-Day Thresholds in Apricot Cultivars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Biometeorology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>411-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
