<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0871-018X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciências Agrárias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. de Ciências Agrárias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0871-018X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade de Ciências Agrárias de Portugal]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0871-018X2024000100571</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19084/rca.35040</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Teosinte introducido en España y maíz Bt: tasa de hibridación, fenología y cuantificación de toxina Cry1ab en los híbridos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Teosinte introduced into Spain and Bt maize: hybridisation rate, phenology and Cry1Ab toxin quantification in the hybrids]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Concepción Escorial]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beldarraín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iñigo Loureiro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Dpto. Protección Vegetal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>571</fpage>
<lpage>580</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0871-018X2024000100571&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0871-018X2024000100571&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0871-018X2024000100571&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las áreas donde se ha identificado la presencia de teosinte en España son aquellas con la mayor superficie cultivada con maíz modificado genéticamente, maíz Bt que expresa la toxina Cry1Ab para el control de las plagas Sesamia nonagrioides y Ostrinia nubilalis, denominadas taladros. El parentesco entre maíz y teosinte permite su cruzamiento y la expresión de toxina en los híbridos. Una producción de toxina a niveles subletales para los taladros podría dar lugar a una aceleración en el desarrollo de resistencia. En este trabajo se ha determinado el potencial de hibridación entre el teosinte localizado en España como parental femenino y el maíz Bt como parental masculino. Además, se ha realizado un seguimiento fenológico de las etapas vegetativas (altura, área del tallo, número de hojas y tallos secundarios) y reproductiva (días hasta la floración) de los híbridos y de sus parentales y, se han cuantificado los niveles de toxina Cry1Ab en las plantas mediante ELISA. Los ensayos se han realizado durante tres años en condiciones ambientales no controladas. Sólo en uno de los años se conguió obtener híbridos en porcentajes que variaron de 0% al 72%. Los híbridos presentaron un fenotipo intermedio al de los parentales para los parámetros evaluados. Las condiciones ambientales influyeron en la concentración de toxina Cry1Ab producida por los los híbridos F1 que varió entre 36,4-48,8 ng Cry1Ab/mg de hoja fresca en función del año, siendo estos valores de 46,8-51,4 para el maíz.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The areas in which the teosinte has been found in Spain are those with the largest acreage planted with genetically modified maize, the Bt maize expressing Cry1Ab toxin used to control the pests Sesamia nonagrioides and Ostrinia nubilalis, known as borers. The close relation between maize and teosinte allows their crossing and the expression of the toxin in the hybrids. The production of the toxin at sub-lethal levels for the borers could lead to an earlier development of resistance. In this work, the potential hybridisation between teosinte found in Spain as the female parent and Bt maize as the male parent was determined. Furthermore, a phenological monitoring of the vegetative (plant height, stem area and number of leaves) and reproductive stages (days to flowering) of the hybrids and their parents has been carried out, while the Cry1Ab toxin produced have been quantified by ELISA. The experiments were carried out during three years under non-controlled environmental conditions. Hybrids were only obtained in one of the years, at percentages ranging from 0% to 72%. The hybrids showed a phenotype intermediate to that of the parents for the parameters evaluated. Environmental conditions influenced the production of Cry1Ab toxin in the F1 hybrids, which ranged from 36.4-48.8 ng Cry1Ab/mg fresh leaf, depending on the year. These values were of 46.8-51.4 for maize.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Zea mays]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cruzabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivos geneticamente modificados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo agrícola]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Zea mays]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crossability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetically modified crops]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agricultural risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental risk]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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