<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0871-018X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciências Agrárias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. de Ciências Agrárias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0871-018X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade de Ciências Agrárias de Portugal]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0871-018X2024000200001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19084/rca.34485</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Avaliação da estabilidade temporal de zonas homogéneas de gestão (ZHG) em pastagens permanentes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation of temporal stability of management zones (MZ) in permanent pastures]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Marques da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paniágua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Évora MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Extremadura Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Badajoz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Extremadura Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales Departamento de Expresión Gráfica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Badajoz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0871-018X2024000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0871-018X2024000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0871-018X2024000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO A Agricultura de Precisão (AP) procura validar ferramentas tecnológicas que permitam captar a variabilidade espacial das culturas e do solo, o que constitui a base para o estabelecimento de zonas homogéneas de gestão (ZHG). Os sensores que medem a condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CEa) são exemplo destas ferramentas no levantamento da variabilidade espacial das caraterísticas do solo. A estabilidade temporal dos padrões de variabilidade espacial da CEa é essencial para assegurar corretas decisões a médio e longo prazo. Neste estudo, foram usados dois sensores de CEa, um sensor de contacto (Veris 2000 XA) e um sensor de indução eletromagnética (EM-38), em quatro parcelas de pastagens permanentes de sequeiro no Alentejo. O levantamento com o sensor de contacto foi realizado em outubro de 2018 e o levantamento com o sensor de indução foi realizado em setembro de 2020. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade temporal dos padrões das ZHG resultantes de medições da CEa com diferentes sensores em diferentes datas. O processamento de dados incluiu a sincronização das coordenadas geográficas obtidas pelos dois sensores em cada parcela e o estabelecimento de ZHG a partir de análise geoestatística, tanto da CEa como da altimetria. Apesar das condições do solo serem diferentes, nomeadamente em termos de humidade, e dos sensores terem uma forma diferente de medição (de contacto versus não contacto), os valores da CEa mostraram correlações estatisticamente significativas em todos os campos experimentais, o que se refletiu na estabilidade dos padrões espaciais das ZHG obtidas. Estes resultados abrem boas perspetivas para futuros desenvolvimentos, os quais deverão ocorrer ao nível dos algoritmos que permitam a validação da variabilidade espacial e da estabilidade temporal da CEa através de amostragem inteligente do solo, conduzindo a recomendações sustentadas ao nível da fertilização ou da correção do solo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Precision agriculture (PA) intents to validate technological tools that capture soil and crop spatial variability, which constitute the basis for the establishment of differentiated management zones (MZ). Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) sensors are commonly used to survey soil spatial variability. Temporal stability of the surveys is essential to ensure correct medium and long-term decisions. In this study, an ECa contact-type sensor (Veris 2000 XA) and an electromagnetic induction sensor (EM-38) were used in four fields of dryland pastures in Alentejo region of Portugal. The first survey was carried out in October 2018 and the second was carried out in September 2020. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal stability of ECa patterns using different types of sensors. Data processing involved synchronizing geographic coordinates obtained by the two types of ECa sensors in each location and establishing MZ based on geostatistical analysis of altimetry and ECa data. Although the basic technologies have different principles (contact versus non-contact sensors), the surveys were carried out at different soil moisture conditions and were temporarily separated (about 2 years), ECa measurements showed statistically significant correlation in all experimental fields, which was reflected in spatially stable patterns of the MZ maps. These results provide perspectives for future developments, which will need to occur in the creation of algorithms that allow validating the spatial variability and temporal stability of ECa through smart soil sampling and analysis to allow recommendations for sustained soil amendment or fertilization.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pastagens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[variabilidade do solo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sensores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[condutividade elétrica do solo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pastures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soil variability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soil electrical conductivity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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