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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0871-3413</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Arquivos de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arq Med]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0871-3413</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ArquiMed - Edições Científicas AEFMUP ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0871-34132006000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The evolving epidemic]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padrão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patrícia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Porto Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>53</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</front><body><![CDATA[ <HEAD>  </HEAD>       <P><B>The Evolving Epidemic</B> </P>     <P>Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal </P>     <P>Patr&iacute;cia Padr&atilde;o </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="justify">Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <P>&nbsp;</P>        <P align="justify"><B>REFERENCES</B> </P>       <!-- ref --><P   align="justify">1 - Musk AW, de Klerk NH. History of tobacco and health. Respirology 2003;8:286-90. </P >    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000012&pid=S0871-3413200600010000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P   align="justify" >2 - Graham H. Smoking prevalence among women in the European Community 1950-1990. Soc Sci Med 1996;43:243. </P >    <P   align="justify" >3 - Proctor R. The anti-tobacco campaign of the Nazis: a little known aspect of public health in Germany, 1933-45. BMJ 1996;313:1450-3. </P >    <P   align="justify" >4 - Wogan GN, Hecht SS, Felton JS, Conney AH, Loeb LA. Environmental and chemical carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2004;14:473-86. </P >    <P   align="justify" >5 - The World Bank. Curbing the Epidemic: Governments and the Economics of Tobacco Control. Washington: The World Bank; 1999. </P >    <P   align="justify" >6 - World Health Organization. The millenium development goals and tobacco control. Geneve: World Health Organization; 2004. </P >    <P   align="justify" >7 - Peto R, Lopez A, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath CJ. Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics. Lancet 1992;339:1268-78. </P >    <P   align="justify" >8 - World Health Organization. Highlights on health in Portugal, 2004. Geneve: World Health Organization; 2006. </P >    <P   align="justify" >11 - Unwin N, Alberti K. Chronic non-communicable diseases. Ann Trop Med Parasitolo 2006;100:455-64. </P >    <P   align="justify" >12 - Warner K. The economics of tobacco: myths and realities. Tob Control 2000;9:78-89. </P >    <P   align="justify" >13 - Molarius A, Parsons RW, Dobson AJ, et al. Trends in cigarette smoking in 36 po-pulations from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s: findings from the WHO MONICA Project. Am J Public Health 2001;91:206-12. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >14 - Tyczynski J, Bray F, Parkin D. Lung cancer in Europe in 2000: epidemiology, prevention, and early detection. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:45-55. </P >    <P   align="justify" >15 - Cavelaars AEJM, Kunst AE, Geurts JJM, et al. Educational differences in smoking: international comparison. BMJ 2000;320:1102-7. </P >    <P   align="justify" >16 - Giskes K, Kunst AE, Benach J, et al. Trends in smoking behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005; 59:395-401. </P >    <P   align="justify" >17 - Lopez A, Collishaw N, Piha T. A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tob Control 1994;3:242-7. </P >    <P   align="justify" >18 - Rabiais S, Dias C. Consumo de tabaco nas regi&otilde;es de Portugal continental: compara&ccedil;&atilde;o dos dados dos inqu&eacute;ritos nacionais de sa&uacute;de de 1987, 1996 e 1999. Lisboa: Minist&eacute;rio da Sa&uacute;de. Instituto Nacional de Sa&uacute;de Dr. Ricardo Jorge; 2001. </P >     <P   align="justify" >19 - Didkowska J, Manczuk M, McNeill A, Powles J, Zatonski W. Lung cancer mortality    at ages 35-54 in the European Union: ecological study of evolving tobacco epidemics.    BMJ 2005; 331:189-91. </P >     <P   align="justify" >20 - Bray F, Tyczynski JE, Parkin DM. Going up or coming down? The changing phases of the lung cancer epidemic from 1967 to 1999 in the 15 European Union countries. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:96. </P >    <P   align="justify" >21 - Bosetti C, Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Lung cancer mortality in European women: recent trends and perspectives. Ann Oncol 2005;16:1597-604. </P >     <P   align="justify" >22 - Pinheiro P, Tyczynski J, Bray F, Amado J, Matos E, Parkin D. Cancer incidence    and mortality in Portugal. Eur J Cancer2003;39:2507-20. </P >     <P   align="justify" >23 - Santos A-C, Barros H. Smoking patterns in a community sample of Portuguese adults, 1999-2000. Prev Med 2004; 38:114-9. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >24 - Mackenbach J, Huisman M, Andersen O, et al. Inequalities in lung cancer mortality by the educational level in 10 European populations. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:126-35. </P >    <P   >25 - da Costa e Silva VL, Fishburn B. Tobacco use and control: determinants of consumption, intervention strategies, and the role of the tobacco industry. Toxicology 2004;198:9. </P >    <P   >26 - Yach D, Leeder S, Bell J, Kistnasamy B. Global Chronic Diseases. Science 2005;307:317. </P >     <P   >27 - World Health Organization. World Health Report 2002. Reducing risks, Promoting    Healthy Life. Geneve: World Health Organization; 2002. </P >     <P   >&nbsp;</P >     <p   ><B>Correspond&ecirc;ncia</B>: </p >     <P   >Dr.&ordf; Patr&iacute;cia Padr&atilde;o </P >     <P   >Faculdade de Ci&ecirc;ncias da Nutri&ccedil;&atilde;o e Alimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o    da Universidade do Porto </P >     <P   >Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto </P >     <P   >e-mail: <a href="mailto:patriciapadrao@fcna.up.pt">patriciapadrao@fcna.up.pt    </a></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   >&nbsp;</P>     </body> </HTML>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klerk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[History of tobacco and health.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respirology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>286-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
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