Domingos Lopes da Silva, José Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos, Carla Ferreira Martins
Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto
Resumo
A obesidade e o excesso de peso são factores de risco para o surgimento prematuro de doenças cardiovasculares. Na população deficiente mental com síndrome de Down constata-se uma prevalência de obesidade superior à população em geral. Este estudo procurou caracterizar uma amostra de indivíduos da população portuguesa portadora de Síndrome de Down, quanto à composição corporal, segundo o género e a idade. A amostra foi constituída por 104 indivíduos com síndrome de Down com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 47 anos. Os sujeitos foram divididos em 4 grupos por género e faixa etária: G1: 30 mulheres com idade ≤ 29 anos; G2: 20 mulheres com idade ≥30 anos; G3: 34 homens com idade ≤ 29 anos; G4: 20 homens com idade ≥30 anos. As medições antropométricas incidiram sobre o peso, a estatura e as pregas de adiposidade subcutânea bicipital, tricipital, subescapular, abdominal, suprailíaca, crural e geminal. Pelo índice de massa corporal, a prevalência de excesso de peso e de obesidade foi de 68,5% nos homens e de 82,3% nas mulheres. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas relativamente ao IMC entre as diferentes faixas etárias e géneros. Segundo o IMC, 54,3% dos indivíduos foram classificados como obesos (62,7% das mulheres e 46,3% dos homens). O grupo das mulheres mais velhas (30-47 anos) foi o que apresentou uma maior prevalência de obesidade (75%). Apenas o grupo dos homens mais jovens (18-29 anos) apresentou uma prevalência de obesidade inferior a 50%. As mulheres de ambos os grupos etários apresentaram valores médios de gordura corporal significativamente mais elevados do que os homens. Verificou-se ainda que os homens eram corporalmente mais densos e possuíam maior quantidade de tecido isento de gordura, particularmente os mais jovens. Com base nos valores percentuais de gordura corporal, os homens foram classificados no nível «moderadamente alto», enquanto que as mulheres no nível «alto», o que eleva o risco de surgimento prematuro de doenças associadas à formação exagerada de tecido adiposo.
Palavras-chave: síndrome de Down; obesidade; índice de massa corporal; pregas de adiposidade subcutânea
Abstract
Body Composition Assessment in Adults with Down Syndrome
]]> Overweight and obesity are risk factors to the premature appearance of cardiovascular diseases. In mental handicapped population with Down syndrome we see a higher prevalence of obesity than in the general population. The present study intended to characterize the body composition of a sample of the Down syndrome adult Portuguese population, according to age and gender. The sample comprised 104 subjects with Down syndrome with ages ranging from 18 to 47 years old. The subjects were divided by gender and age into 4 groups: G1: 30 females =29 years; G2: 20 females =30 years; G3: 34 males =29 years; G4: 20 males =30 years. The anthropometric measures were height and body weight, and biceps, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac, thigh and calf skinfolds. Using the body mass index (BMI), we observed a prevalence of overweight and obesity in 68.5% of males and 82,3% of females. We did not find statistically significant differences between ages and gender in relation to BMI. According to this indicator, 54.3% of the sample was classified as obese (62.7% females and 46.3% males). The oldest female group (30-47 years) presented the highest prevalence of obesity (75%). Only the youngest male group (18-29 years) presented a prevalence of obesity lower than 50%. Comparatively to males, females of both groups presented higher values of adiposity. Males had higher body density and higher amount of fat-free mass. According to the percentage of fat mass, males were on the moderate-high level of adiposity, while the females were on the high level of adiposity, which increases the risk of premature appearance of diseases related to body fat excess.Key-words: Down syndrome; obesity; body mass index; skinfolds
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Prof. Domingos Lopes da Silva
Faculdade de Desporto
Universidade do Porto
Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91
4200-450 Porto
email: domingos-silva@portugalmail.pt
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