Um estudo sobre o stresse, "burnout", saúde física e satisfação profissional em professores do 3º ciclo e ensino secundário

A. Rui Gomes - Universidade do Minho, Portugal

Maria João Silva, Salomé Mourisco, Susana Silva & Alfredo Mota - Docentes do 3º Ciclo e Ensino Secundário, Portugal

Nuno Montenegro - Instituto Superior da Maia, Portugal

Resumo

O presente trabalho apresenta dados de um estudo realizado com 127 professores de uma escola secundária do Distrito do Porto, onde se avaliaram vários indicadores relacionados com o trabalho e o bem-estar pessoal (stresse, "burnout", saúde física e satisfação profissional). Os resultados revelaram valores muito significativos de stresse ocupacional (percentagens acima dos 30%), uma prevalência de esgotamento de 13% e vários problemas de saúde física. Também se verificou que as mulheres demonstraram níveis superiores de stresse associados às pressões de tempo e excesso de trabalho, mais queixas relativamente ao trabalho burocrático/administrativo bem como níveis mais elevados de exaustão emocional e problemas físicos, enquanto que os homens evidenciaram uma maior tendência para a despersonalização. Na distinção dos professores em função da experiência profissional, observou-se que os que tinham mais anos de trabalho assumiram mais problemas em lidar com os comportamentos de indisciplina dos alunos, as disparidades nas capacidades apresentadas pelos alunos e o trabalho burocrático/administrativo e excesso de aulas. Finalmente, os professores com mais horas de contacto com os alunos apresentaram menos despersonalização e mais stresse relacionado com a indisciplina dos alunos e o estatuto da carreira docente.

Stresse; "Burnout"; Saúde; Satisfação; Professores

Problems and challenges on teaching activity:

a study on high school teachers' stress, "burnout", physical health and professional fulfilment

Abstract

This work presents the data of a study with 127 teachers of a Secondary School in Porto District, on which different indicators related to work and personal well-being were evaluated (stress, burnout, physical health and professional fulfilment). The results revealed very significant levels of occupational stress (percentages above 30%), 13% burnout prevalence and various physical health problems. Women showed more stress associated with time-limit pressure and amount of work, more complains about clerical work and higher levels of emotional exhaustion and physical problems. As for men, higher tendency for depersonalization was shown. In what concerns professional experience, teachers with more years of practice showed more problems confronting: students' disciplinary issues, students' different capacity levels, clerical work, and excessive amount of classes. Finally, teachers with more hours of contact with students assumed less depersonalization and more stress related to students` indiscipline and to the teachers` career statutes.

Keywords

Stress; Burnout; Physical Health; Satisfaction; Teaching

Problémes et défis dans l'exercice de l'activité de l'enseignant:

une étude sur le stress, "burnout", santé physique et satisfaction professionnelle des professeurs de l'enseignement secondaire

Résumé

Le présent travail montre des données d'une étude réalisée avec 127 professeurs d'une école secondaire du District du Porto, où ils ont évalués plusieurs indicateurs en rapport avec le travail et le bien être personnel (stress, "burnout", santé physique et satisfaction professionnelle). Les résultats ont révélé des valeurs très significatives du stress occupationnel (pourcentage au-dessus de 30%), une suprématie de l'épuisement de 13% et plusieurs problémes de santé physique. On a aussi vérifié que les femmes ont démontré des niveaux supérieurs de stress associés aux pressions du temps et excès de travail, plus de plaintes relativement au travail bureaucratique/administratif ainsi que des niveaux plus élevés d'exhaustion émotionnelle et problèmes physiques, tandis que les hommes ont mis en évidence une plus grande tendance pour la dépersonnalisation. Dans la distinction des professeurs en fonction de l'expérience professionnelle, on a observé que ceux qui avaient plus d'années de travail ont assumé plus de problèmes en fréquentant des comportements d´indiscipline d`élèves, les disparités dans les capacités présentées par les élèves et le travail bureautique/administratif et excès de cours. Finalement, les professeurs avec plusieurs heures d'interaction avec les élèves on présenté moins dépersonnalisation et plus stress par rapport à l`indiscipline et au niveau a leur carriére universitaire.

Mots-clé

Stress; "Burnout"; SantŽ Physique; Satisfaction; Professeurs

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

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Recebido em Setembro/2005

Aceite para publicação em Junho/2006

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