<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0871-9721</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Imunoalergologia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Port Imunoalergologia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0871-9721</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0871-97212024000200085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32932/rpia.2024.06.138</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Avaliação da resposta humoral de doentes com imunodeficiência primária à vacinação com vacinas de mRNA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Assessment of humoral response to vaccination with mRNA vaccines in patients with primary immunodeficiencies]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josefina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofia Cosme]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendonça]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Érica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Filipa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Câmara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça Serviço de Imunoalergologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Funchal ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça Serviço de Patologia Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Funchal ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0871-97212024000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0871-97212024000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0871-97212024000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  Fundamentos:  As imunodeficiências primárias (IDP) manifestam-se por suscetibilidade aumentada a doenças infeciosas e estão associadas a elevada morbimortalidade. A COVID-19 tem apresentação clínica variável, com impacto imprevisível nos doentes imunocomprometidos. Conhecer a resposta à vacinação desta população poderá ser importante para adequar medidas no futuro.  Objetivos:  Analisar a resposta imunológica à vacinação contra a COVID-19 em doentes com IDP. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo de uma população de doentes com IDP, seguidos numa unidade de Imunoalergologia, vacinados contra a COVID-19. Consulta dos processos clínicos para colheita de dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais. Determinação de imunoglobulina G (IgG) total e IgG SARS-CoV-2 antes da vacinação e doseamentos seriados de IgG anti-spike após vacinação.  Resultados:  Incluídos 20 doentes, 55% do sexo feminino, com idade média 36,8±13,1 anos, 60% com imunodeficiência comum variável (IDCV), 30% deficiência seletiva de anticorpos e 10% agamaglobulinemia ligada ao X (ALX). Nos doentes com IDCV, a contagem basal de células CD19 mediana foi 180 células/&#956;L (IIQ, 60;372). Realizavam terapêutica de substituição com gamaglobulina subcutânea 12 doentes com IDCV/ALX. A serologia pré-vacinal foi negativa em todos os doentes, a IgG total mediana foi 419 mg/dL (IIQ, 238;896) e a IgG anti-spike após esquema vacinal primário foi apositiva em 75% [mediana 796 AU/mL (IIQ, 107;3772)]. Na subpopulação com IDCV: a IgG anti-spike foi positiva em 67% após esquema vacinal primário, 75% antes da dose de reforço e 100% após reforço. Níveis mais baixos de células CD19 correlacionaram-se com valores inferiores de IgG anti-spike (95% IC=0,117-0,898; p=0,023). Nenhum doente reportou reações adversas significativas à vacinação.  Conclusões:  A vacinação contra a COVID-19 apresentou boa resposta e segurança nos doentes com IDP. Na subpopulação com IDCV, formas mais graves com contagens reduzidas de células CD19 apresentaram títulos mais baixos de anticorpos após vacinação. A dose de reforço potenciou a resposta imune, sugerindo a necessidade de inoculações adicionais para conferir proteção sustentada contra a COVID-19.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction:  Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) manifest as increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and are associated with significant morbimortality. COVID-19 has a variable clinical presentation, with unpredictable impact on immunocompromised patients. Knowing how this population responds to vaccination may be important to adjust future approaches.  Objectives:  To analyse immunological response to anti-COVID-19 vaccination in patients with PID. Methods: Prospective study of a population of patients with PID, followed in an Immunoallergology Unit, who were vaccinated against COVID-19. Clinical records were consulted to assess demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. Determination of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination and serial measurement of IgG anti-spike after vaccination was performed.  Results: Twenty patients were included, 55% female, with a mean age of 36,8±13,1 years old, 60% with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 30% selective antibody deficiency, and 10% X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). In CVID patients, the median CD19 basal count was 180 cells/&#956;L (IQR, 60;372). Twelve patients with CVID/XLA were under replacement treatment with subcutaneous gammaglobulin. All patients presented negative pre-vaccinal serology, with a median total IgG of 419 mg/dL (IQR, 238;896); IgG anti-spike after the primary vaccinal scheme was positive in 75% [median 796 AU/mL (IQR, 107;3772)]. Concerning CVID subpopulation: IgG anti-spike was positive in 67% after the primary vaccinal scheme, 75% before the booster dose, and 100% afterward. Lower counts of CD19 cells correlated with lower levels of IgG anti-spike (95% CI=0.117-0.898; p=0.023). No patient reported significant adverse reactions to vaccination.  Conclusions:  Anti-COVID-19 vaccination showed good response and safety in patients with PID. In the CVID subpopulation, more severe cases with lower counts of CD19 cells presented lower antibody titles after vaccination. Booster dose enhanced immune response, suggesting the need for additional inoculations to ensure sustained protection against COVID-19.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Anticorpos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[imunodeficiência comum variável]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[imunodeficiências primárias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vacinação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antibodies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[common variable immunodeficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[primary immunodeficiencies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vaccination]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tangye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Herz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bousfiha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunningham-Rundles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etzioni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human inborn errors of immunity: 2019 update on the classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCusker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warrington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Primary immunodeficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>^s2</numero>
<issue>^s2</issue>
<supplement>2</supplement>
<page-range>61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leblanc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imunodeficiências primárias - Da suspeita clínica ao tratamento. 1.ª Edição]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bial]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esposito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donnarumma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of neutralizing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavírus 2 antibodies in patients with common variable immunodeficiency after immunization with messenger RNA vaccines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>499-501</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ameratunga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ST]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehnert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Common variable immunodeficiency disorders as a model for assessing COVID-19 vaccine responses in immunocompromised patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>798389</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barlan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa-Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunningham-Rundles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Morena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International Consensus Document (ICON): Common variable immunodeficiency disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>38-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzahrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>714170</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lougaris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cinetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pecoraro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mezzaroma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>211-3.e4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bucciol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seoane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: An international study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>520-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soccodato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulvirenti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 in complex common variable immunodeficiency patients affected by lung diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>535-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ameratunga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Longhurst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehnert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Common variable immunodeficiency disorders, T-Cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and the risk of chronic COVID- 19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3575-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soccodato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collalti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanciarotta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rattazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vaccination in PADs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vaccines]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>626</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyo-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Marante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laguna-Goya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almendro-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carretero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-Etayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immunogenicity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in common variable immunodeficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>240-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogdan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impfempfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) : Impfungen bei Immundefizienz und Impfung gegen COVID-19 [STIKO vaccination recommendations : Vaccination of immunodeficient patients and vaccination against COVID-19]]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hautarzt]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>92-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roifman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 vaccination for patients with primary immunodeficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[LymphoSign Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>37-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Musa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LaBere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habiballah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advances in clinical outcomes: What we have learned during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>149</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>569-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Amelio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassatella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laganà]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lunardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Migliorini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune-autoinflammatory disorders and primary/secondary immunodeficiencies: The position of the task force on behalf of the Italian Immunological Societies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomedicines]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1163</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Campanha de Vacinação Contra a COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[DGS]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babaha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Primary immunodeficiency diseases in COVID-19 pandemic: A predisposing or protective factor?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>360</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>740-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ivanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shwetar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray-Gaillard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine elicits a potent adaptive immune response in the absence of IFN-mediated inflammation observed in COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[medRxiv]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-Manso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbonell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miguens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Induction of high levels of specific humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 after the administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines requires several days]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>726960</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulvirenti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terreri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piano Mortari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintarelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[B cell response induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection is boosted by the BNT162b2 vaccine in primary antibody deficiencies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cells]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2915</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2-associated T-Cell responses in the presence of humoral immunodeficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Arch Allergy Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>182</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>195-209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halperin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immunogenicity of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in patients with inborn errors of immunity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>739-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delmonte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergerson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JRE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burbelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkee-Shock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dobbs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosticardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibody responses to the SARSCoV- 2 vaccine in individuals with various inborn errors of immunity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Allergy Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1192-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blennow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mielke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nowak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safety and efficacy of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in five groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls in a prospective open-label clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EBio-Medicine]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>103705</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amodio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruggiero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sgrulletti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pighi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotugno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Humoral and cellular response following vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients affected by primary immunodeficiencies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>727850</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Painter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apostolidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>374</volume>
<numero>6572</numero>
<issue>6572</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piano Mortari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terreri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piccioni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Highly specific memory B cells generation after the 2nd dose of BNT162b2 vaccine compensate for the decline of serum antibodies and absence of mucosal IgA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cells]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>2541</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pegu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Connell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Dell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>373</volume>
<numero>6561</numero>
<issue>6561</issue>
<page-range>1372-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mortari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terreri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintarelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulvirenti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Cecca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced atypical immune responses in antibody defects: Everybody does their best]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1709-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Locatelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carsetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The immune response to SARSCoV-2 vaccination: Insights learned from adult patients with common variable immune deficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oshiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perazzio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro-Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patient with agammaglobulinemia produces anti-SARS-CoV-2 reactive T-cells after CoronaVac vaccine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinics]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>77</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niessl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sekine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buggert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Immunol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>55</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
