<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-0169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portuguese Journal of Nephrology & Hypertension]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port J Nephrol Hypert]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-0169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Nefrologia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-01692021000300160</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32932/pjnh.2021.10.141</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hemodialysis vascular access in children - A retrospective study in a pediatric dialysis unit]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A Norton de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Sameiro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Madalena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loureiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Duarte]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Inês]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Queirós]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rui]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto Hospital Santo António Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grupo de Estudos Vasculares  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte - Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto Nephrology Unit Pediatric Department]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,UCIBIO\REQUIMTE Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto Hospital Santo António Nephrology Department]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>-</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>160</fpage>
<lpage>163</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-01692021000300160&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-01692021000300160&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-01692021000300160&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Objective: Permanent access in the form of a fistula is the preferred form of vascular access for most pediatric patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy; however, the technical aspects of the procedure that are unique to the pediatric population, the expectation of a short waiting time for kidney transplantation and the need to cannulate every other day (with the pain and fear associated with it) limit its use. Our objective was to analyze the long-term outcomes of pediatric arteriovenous fistulas in our institution.  Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all arteriovenous fistula (AVF) created in a HD population aged 0 to 18 years at a single institution from 2007 to 2019. Data abstracted included age, weight, etiology of renal failure, time on dialysis, central venous catheter history and transplantation history. Data were analyzed to determine the primary and secondary patency.  Results: During the study period, 19 AVFs were performed in 16 patients, of whom 9 patients (56.3%) were male. Mean patient age was 12.3 years (range 5-17 years), and mean weight was 38.3kg (range 12-83kg). At the time of AVF creation, 9 patients were on dialysis and 7 patients had a central venous catheter (CVC), with a median length of CVC dependence of 10 months. Procedures performed included 4 radiocephalic fistulas, 11 brachiocephalic fistulas and 4 brachiobasilic. Five accesses failed to mature (26.3%). Mean follow-up was 6 years. The 2-year primary and secondary patency rates were 92.3% and 100%, respectively. The 4-year primary and secondary patency rates were 76.9% and 100%, respectively. No thrombosis was documented during follow-up. During the postoperative period, 10 patients (62.5%) received a kidney transplant, in a mean time of 23 months.  Conclusions: AVFs demonstrate excellent long-term patency in pediatric HD patients. No significant complications were reported and no thrombosis occurred.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pediatric nephrology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hemodialysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[arteriovenous fistula]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[USRDS 2018 Annual Data Report. Pediatric ESRD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[United States Renal Data System]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shroff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakkaloglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stuart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stronach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vascular access in children requiring maintenance haemodialysis: a consensus document by the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol Dial Transplant]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1746-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nogueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Queiros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Two-Stage Basilic Vein Transposition: Second Stage Results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ther Apher Dial]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sidawy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besarab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ascher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recommended standards for reports dealing with arteriovenous hemodialysis accesses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>603-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemodialysis vascular access options in pediatrics: considerations for patients and practitioners]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1121-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jonasson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internal arteriovenous fistulae for dialysis in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Surg]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>533-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourquelot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vascular access in children: the importance of microsurgery for creation of autologous arteriovenous fistulae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>696-700</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagolan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spagnoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciprandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leozappa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nahom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trucchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fabbrini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A tenyear experience of Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistula in children: technical evolution and refinements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>640-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wartman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gradman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcomes with arteriovenous fistulas in a pediatric population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>170-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Widmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Donato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallieni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibbons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Editor&#8217;s Choice - Vascular Access: 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>757-818</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
