<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-0754</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-0754</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Hospitalar do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-07542020000400188</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v29.i4.18378</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Screen time use in children less than five years old]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Exposição ao ecrã em crianças até aos cinco anos de idade]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prucha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bárbara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo Peixoto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Odete]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Senhora da Oliveira Department of Pediatrics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guimarães ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,ACeS Póvoa de Varzim/Vila do Conde Unidade de Saúde Familiar Navegantes ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vila do Conde ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,ACeS Póvoa de Varzim/Vila do Conde Unidade de Saúde Familiar das Ondas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Póvoa de Varzim ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>188</fpage>
<lpage>195</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-07542020000400188&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-07542020000400188&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-07542020000400188&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  While the limited use of high-quality and appropriate media may have a positive influence, excessive exposure carries health risks for young children and their families. Research suggests that increased screen time in young children is linked to negative health outcomes, including obesity, decreased cognitive and language development and reduced academic success. In this study we aimed to characterize the screen-time habits in a healthy population of children, aged between six months and five years, of two Family Healthcare Units of an urban area in northern Portugal, and to review the current literature on children&#8217;s screen time and health-related issues.  Methods:  This is a cross-sectional, observational and analytic study. We selected a convenience sample of children aged between six months and five years who were assessed at a scheduled surveillance visit and a questionnaire was applied to the caregivers between February and July 2018.  Results:  One hundred sixty-six children were included. The mean age was 30 months; 53% were males. Television dominated total screen time. About 85% of children under two years-old and 80% of infants six to 12-months-old were exposed to screens daily, with 79% of them spending up to one hour per day in front of screens. The majority of parents of children aged two years and older were present and set limits on their children&#8217;s screen use. Overall, only 39% of parents affirmed to be aware of current guidelines for screen time. In our study, children&#8217;s screen time habits were not related with parents&#8217; socioeconomic or academic status. Parents&#8217; knowledge about current guidelines also did not minimize children&#8217;s screen use (p=0,094).  Discussion/Conclusion:  Young children are exceeding screen time recommendations. Given that parents play a key role in the development of their children&#8217;s behaviors and that there is no evidence to support introducing screens at an early age, interventions to reduce children&#8217;s screen-time in the current media environment are needed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  Embora o uso limitado das tecnologias com acesso a conteúdos de qualidade possa ter uma influência positiva, a exposição excessiva traz riscos à saúde das crianças e das suas famílias. Pesquisas recentes mostram que demasiado tempo de ecrã em crianças pequenas está associado a efeitos negativos, incluindo obesidade, atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo e da linguagem e insucesso escolar. Foi objetivo deste estudo analisar os hábitos de exposição ao ecrã de uma população saudável de lactentes e crianças entre os seis meses e os cinco anos de idade de duas Unidades de Saúde Familiar de uma área urbana do norte de Portugal e realizar uma revisão da literatura acerca do uso de ecrãs e dos seus efeitos sobre a saúde das crianças.  Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. Selecionada uma amostra de conveniência na consulta de vigilância programada e aplicado um questionário aos pais de lactentes e crianças até aos cinco anos de idade, entre fevereiro e julho de 2018.  Resultados: Foram incluídas 166 crianças. A idade média da amostra foi de 30 meses; 53% era do sexo masculino. A televisão dominou o tempo total de exposição a ecrãs. Cerca de 85% das crianças com menos de dois anos e 80% das crianças entre os seis e 12 meses de idade eram expostas a ecrãs diariamente. Destas, 79% passavam até uma hora por dia em frente ao ecrã. Na maioria das crianças com idade igual ou superior a dois anos, os pais afirmavam estar presentes e estabelecer limites de tempo para o uso de ecrã. No geral, apenas 39% dos pais afirmaram conhecer as recomendações atuais de exposição ao ecrã. Os hábitos de exposição não se relacionaram com os fatores socioeconómicos nem académicos da família (p&gt;0,05). O conhecimento dos pais sobre as recomendações atuais também não minimizou a exposição aos ecrãs por parte dos filhos (p = 0,094).  Discussão/Conclusão: Verifica-se um tempo de exposição aos ecrãs superior ao recomendado em lactentes e crianças. Considerando que os pais desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do comportamento dos seus filhos e que não há evidências para apoiar a introdução de ecrãs em idade precoce, são necessárias intervenções para reduzir o tempo de exposição aos ecrãs das crianças no atual ambiente digital.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health care]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[parents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[screen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[criança]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cuidados de saúde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ecrã]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pais]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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