<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-0754</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-0754</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Hospitalar do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-07542020000400204</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v29.i4.18611</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gitelman syndrome, a rare condition: three clinical cases and pathophysiology review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Síndrome de Gitelman, uma condição rara: três casos clínicos e revisão da fisiopatologia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meireles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueiredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa Department of Pediatrics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Penafiel ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>204</fpage>
<lpage>208</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-07542020000400204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-07542020000400204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-07542020000400204&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific. Herein are reported three cases of GS with different age of onset, clinical manifestations, and management.  Case Reports:  Case 1 was a sixteen-year-old female, while Cases 2 and 3 presented at an atypical age (seven and eight years). Clinical manifestations mainly consisted of abdominal pain with vomits, together with past history of muscular weakness in Case 1. Diagnosis was based on usual electrolyte abnormalities, such as metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia. Genetic diagnosis was confirmed in Case 3. Patients were treated with oral potassium, magnesium, and spironolactone, with symptom and electrolytic profile improvement.  Discussion/Conclusions:  GS is a rare condition that should be considered in cases of metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia and all pediatricians should be aware of. Diagnosis is established based on biochemical profile and treatment response.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A síndrome de Gitelman (GS) é uma patologia tubular renal, caracterizada por hipocaliémia, alcalose metabólica, hipomagnesiemia e hipocalciúria. As manifestações clínicas são inespecíficas. São descritos três casos de GS com diferentes idades de apresentação, manifestações clínicas e abordagem.  Casos clínicos:  O Caso 1 refere-se a uma adolescente de dezasseis anos de idade e os Casos 2 e 3 a crianças com manifestações em idade atípica (sete e oitos anos). As principais manifestações clínicas foram dor abdominal com vómitos e, no Caso 1, história de fraqueza muscular. O diagnóstico baseou-se em alterações eletrolíticas habituais, como alcalose metabólica com hipocaliémia. Foi confirmado diagnóstico genético no Caso 3. Os doentes foram tratados com potássio, magnésio e espironolactona por via oral, com melhoria dos sintomas e perfil eletrolítico.  Discussão/Conclusões:  A GS é uma condição rara que deve ser considerada em situações de alcalose metabólica com hipocaliémia e para a qual os pediatras devem estar em alerta. O perfil analítico e a resposta ao tratamento sugerem o diagnóstico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gitelman syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypokalemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metabolic alkalosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tubular hypomagnesemia-hypokalemia with hypocalciuria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tubulopathy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[alcalose metabólica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[hipocaliémia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[hipomagnesemia-hipocaliémia tubular com hipocalciúria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[síndrome de Gitelman]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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