<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-0754</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-0754</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Hospitalar do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-07542021000100018</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v30.i1.19182</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Minimally invasive surfactant therapy in preterm infants: towards less invasive management]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Terapêutica com surfactante em recém-nascidos pré-termo: tendência para uma abordagem menos invasiva]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meireles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luísa Neiva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nascimento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proença]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>18</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-07542021000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-07542021000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-07542021000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) is a surfactant administration procedure that intends to reduce intubations and associated risks. The aim of this study was to compare MIST with INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE) technique.  Material and methods:  Retrospective analysis (from January 2015 to June 2019) of preterm infants on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treated with surfactant.  Results:  Fifty-four preterm infants were included and divided in two groups: MIST (n=34) and INSURE (n=20). No significant differences were found between groups regarding gestational age (p=0.480), birth weight (p=0.299), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) prior to surfactant (p=0.220), oxygen therapy duration (p=0.306), progression to intubation (p=0.712), or length of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay (p=0.778). FiO2 variation before and after surfactant administration was higher in MIST group (14% vs 9%, p=0.078). No significant complications were reported with either technique.  Conclusions: MIST is a safe technique in preterm infants on nCPAP. This study shows similar outcomes with MIST and INSURE procedures, with a greater reduction in FiO2 requirements with MIST. Overall, MIST is less invasive and as effective as INSURE in preterm infants.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A administração de surfactante por técnica minimamente invasiva (MIST) é um procedimento que visa reduzir o número de intubações e riscos associados. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a técnica MIST com a técnica INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE).  Material e métodos:  Análise retrospetiva (de janeiro 2015 a junho 2019) de recém-nascidos (RN) pré-termo sob ventilação não invasiva com pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (nCPAP) tratados com surfactante.  Resultados:  Foram incluídos 54 RN, que foram divididos em dois grupos: MIST (n=34) e INSURE (n=20). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre grupos relativamente à idade gestacional (p=0.480), peso ao nascer (p=0.299), fração inspirada de O2 (FiO2) prévia ao surfactante (p=0.220), duração da oxigenoterapia (p=0.306), progressão para intubação (p=0.712) ou tempo de permanência na unidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais (p=0.778). A variação de FiO2 antes e após a administração de surfactante foi maior no grupo MIST (14% vs 9%, p=0.078). Nenhuma das técnicas registou complicações relevantes.  Conclusões: MIST é uma técnica segura em RN pré-termo em nCPAP. Este estudo evidencia resultados semelhantes entre as técnicas MIST e INSURE, com uma maior diminuição das necessidades de FiO2 com a técnica MIST. Pode concluir-se que a técnica MIST é menos invasiva e tão eficaz como a INSURE.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[INSURE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MIST]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[preterm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surfactant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ventilation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[INSURE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[MIST]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[prematuridade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[surfactante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ventilação]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurepa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perveen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kakkilaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in the United States with review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Perinatol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>426-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdeve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canpolat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mutlu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surfactant Administration via Thin Catheter During Spontaneous Breathing Randomized Controlled Trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<page-range>e502-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chai-Adisaksopha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Noninvasive ventilation with vs without early surfactant to prevent chronic lung disease in preterm infants A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>169</volume>
<page-range>731-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Update of minimally invasive surfactant therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Korean J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>273-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surfactant treatment of newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome primarily treated with nasal continuous positive air pressure A pilot study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ugeskr Laeger]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>154</volume>
<page-range>2136-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Göpel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kribs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ziegler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinhard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoehn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wieg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Avoidance of mechanical ventilation by surfactant treatment of spontaneously breathing preterm infants (AMV) An open-label, randomised, controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>378</volume>
<page-range>1627-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heidarzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirnia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoseini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadeghnia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akrami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surfactant administration via thin catheter during spontaneous breathing Randomized controlled trial in alzahra hospital]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iran J Neonatol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>5-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammadizadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardestani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadeghnia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early administration of surfactant via a thin intratracheal catheter in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome Feasibility and outcome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Res Pharm Pract]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>31-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A pilot study of less invasive surfactant administration in very preterm infants in a Chinese tertiary center]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krajewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chudzik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strzalko-Gloskowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Górska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kmiecik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wieckowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surfactant administration without intubation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome - Our experiences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Matern Neonatal Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>1161-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cernada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brugada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gimeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Minimally invasive surfactant therapy with a gastric tube is as effective as the intubation, surfactant, and extubation technique in preterm babies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>229-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CSM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamberlain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Reduces the Need for Mechanical Ventilation in Preterm Infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Glob Pediatr Heal]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>2333794X1769668</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaempf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Klerk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Klerk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Randomized trial comparing 3 approaches to the initial respiratory management of preterm neonates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>128</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hascoet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nasal CPAP or intubation at birth for very preterm infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>358</volume>
<page-range>700-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gantz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Early CPAP versus surfactant in extremely preterm infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>362</volume>
<page-range>1970-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sellmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henriksen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictors for an unsuccessful INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation procedure A cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plavk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ancora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simeoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stranak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prophylactic or early selective surfactant combined with nCPAP in very preterm infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<page-range>e1402-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Mikaberidze A "Letter to the Editor"</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Int]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Phytoremediation]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>135-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kribs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillekamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hünseler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vierzig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early administration of surfactant in spontaneous breathing with nCPAP Feasibility and outcome in extremely premature infants (postmenstrual age =27 weeks)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paediatr Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>364-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dargaville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[COF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Paoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orsini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The OPTIMIST-A trial Evaluation of minimally-invasive surfactant therapy in preterm infants 25-28 weeks gestation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niemarkt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hütten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surfactant for Respiratory Distress Syndrome New Ideas on a Familiar Drug with Innovative Applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neonatology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<page-range>408-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dargaville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Minimally invasive surfactant therapy An update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neoreviews]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>e275-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[More]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakhuja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Minimally invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants A meta-narrative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>168</volume>
<page-range>901-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klotz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porcaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuchs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[European perspective on less invasive surfactant administration-a survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>176</volume>
<page-range>147-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnielli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greisen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[te Pas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome - 2019 Update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neonatology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<page-range>432-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
