<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-0754</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-0754</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Hospitalar do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-07542022000200100</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v31.i1.24651</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spontaneous air leak in a Pediatric Emergency Department: An 11-year experience]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Síndrome de fuga de ar espontâneo num Departamento de Emergência Pediátrica: Experiência de 11 anos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Telma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lomba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sílvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga Department of Pediatrics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Aveiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga Department of Pulmonology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Aveiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>100</fpage>
<lpage>105</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-07542022000200100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-07542022000200100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-07542022000200100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Due to lack of data, the management of air leaks in children and adolescents is based on protocols for adults. In this study, the authors review and report their institutional experience in the area.  Methods:  Retrospective and descriptive study of spontaneous air leak cases diagnosed in a Portuguese Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) between January 2007 and December 2018.  Results: Twenty-one episodes of spontaneous air leak were diagnosed in 16 patients (87.5% male), with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 14.3 (± 5.1) years. Eighteen cases of spontaneous pneumothorax were reported, fifteen of which primary (eleven first-time episodes and four recurrences) and three secondary (two first-time episodes and one recurrence) to asthma. Three cases of pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema were identified, two of which related to infection. Smoking habits and/or recent physical activity were major triggers. Pleuritic chest pain was the most frequent symptom on admission. Conservative treatment was the only approach used in six cases. Most cases required thoracic drainage, five of which required surgical intervention.  Discussion:  This study shows similar demographic features, triggers, and clinical presentation to those reported in the literature for these cases. The management of the condition was based on recommendations established for adults.  Conclusion: Although spontaneous air leak is an uncommon condition, it is a reality in PED. Prospective studies in pediatric age are required to develop adequate recommendations for children and adolescents.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução: Devido à escassez de dados em idade pediátrica, a abordagem da síndrome de fuga de ar em crianças e adolescentes baseia-se em protocolos estabelecidos para adultos. Neste estudo, os autores descrevem a sua experiência institucional na área.  Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo descritivo de episódios espontâneos de síndroma de fuga de ar diagnosticados num Serviço de Urgência Pediátrico (SUP) em Portugal entre 1 de janeiro de 2007 e 31 de dezembro de 2018.  Resultados:  Foram diagnosticados vinte e um episódios de síndroma de fuga de ar em dezasseis crianças, 87.5% das quais do género masculino, com uma idade média (± desvio padrão) de 14,3 (± 5,1) anos. Foram reportados 18 casos de pneumotórax espontâneo, quinze dos quais primários (onze primeiros episódios e quatro recorrências) e três secundários (dois primeiros episódios e uma recorrência) a asma. Foram contabilizados três episódios de pneumomediastino com enfisema subcutâneo, dois dos quais secundários a infeção. A exposição ativa a fumo de tabaco e/ou esforço físico recente foram fatores etiopatogénicos preponderantes na maioria dos casos. Dor torácica pleurítica foi o sintoma mais frequente na apresentação clínica. A terapêutica conservadora foi a única abordagem utilizada em seis casos, com os restantes a necessitar de drenagem transtorácica. Cinco episódios exigiram intervenção cirúrgica.  Discussão: Este estudo evidencia fatores demográficos e etiopatogénicos e apresentação clínica semelhantes aos descritos na literatura para estes casos. Relativamente à abordagem, foram seguidas as recomendações existentes para a idade adulta.  Conclusão:  Apesar de pouco frequente, a síndrome de fuga de ar é uma realidade no SUP. São necessários estudos prospetivos especificamente em idade pediátrica para permitir o desenvolvimento de recomendações adequadas às particularidades desta faixa etária.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[air leak]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pneumomediastinum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pneumothorax]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pediatria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pneumomediastino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pneumotórax]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[síndrome de fuga de ar]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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