<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-0754</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-0754</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Hospitalar do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-07542022000200106</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v31.i2.23899</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Positive blood culture and neonatal sepsis - A five-year study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Hemocultura positiva e sépsis neonatal - Casuística de cinco anos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eulália]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Filipa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Pereira da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Penafiel ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa Department of Clinical Pathology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Penafiel ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology Neonatology Unit]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>106</fpage>
<lpage>114</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-07542022000200106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-07542022000200106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-07542022000200106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric age. Since the predominant causative microorganisms vary between regions and over time, it is crucial to know the local epidemiology. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with positive blood culture and clinical presentation of sepsis admitted to a Neonatology Unit and identify possible risk factors and implicated microorganisms and respective antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.  Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of clinical data of patients admitted to the Neonatology Unit of a level II hospital with positive blood culture and clinical presentation of sepsis over five years (2014-2018).  Results: Seventy-three culture-proven sepsis cases were identified, 51 (69.9%) of which corresponded to low-birth-weight neonates and 52 (71.2%) to preterm newborns. Most cases (60; 82.2%) concerned late-onset sepsis. The most frequent microorganisms identified were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (55; 75.3%), mainly associated with late-onset sepsis. Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli were the most common microorganisms isolated in early-onset sepsis. No cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were identified. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus presented high resistance rates to beta-lactam antibiotics.  Conclusions: The results retrieved from this study document the local epidemiology of neonatal sepsis and show a high frequency of late-onset sepsis associated with nosocomial pathogens. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. are resistant to the most commonly used antibiotics, with these cases requiring the use of vancomycin. It is crucial to implement effective guidelines to control and prevent nosocomial infections and reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of neonatal sepsis, as well as the need for broad-spectrum antibiotics.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução: A sépsis neonatal continua a ser uma das principais causas de mortalidade e morbilidade neonatal. Dado que os microrganismos etiológicos responsáveis predominantes variam entre regiões e ao longo do tempo, torna-se essencial conhecer a epidemiologia local. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os doentes com hemocultura positiva e apresentação clínica compatível com sépsis internados numa Unidade de Neonatologia e identificar possíveis fatores de risco e agentes microbianos envolvidos e respetivas sensibilidades.  Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo descritivo de dados clínicos de doentes com hemocultura positiva e apresentação clínica compatível com sépsis internados na Unidade de Neonatologia de um hospital de nível II ao longo de cinco anos (2014-2018)..  Resultados: Foram identificados 73 casos de sépsis confirmados por hemocultura, 51 (69,9 %) dos quais correspondentes a recém-nascidos com baixo peso e 52 (71,2%) a recém-nascidos pré-termo. A maior parte dos casos era relativa a sépsis tardia (60; 82,2%). Os microrganismos mais frequentemente identificados foram Sthapylococcus coagulase-negativos (55; 75,3%), principalmente associados a sépsis tardia. Os principais responsáveis por sépsis precoce foram Streptococcus do Grupo B e Escherichia coli. Não foram isolados Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina. Os Sthapylococcus coagulase-negativos apresentaram elevadas taxas de resistência aos antibióticos beta-lactâmicos.  Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos documentam a epidemiologia local de sépsis neonatal, caracterizada por elevada frequência de sépsis tardia associada a microrganismos nosocomiais. Os Sthapylococcus coagulase-negativos são resistentes à maioria dos antibióticos mais frequentemente utilizados, sendo necessária a utilização de vancomicina nestes casos. É urgente implementar protocolos eficazes de prevenção e controlo de infeções nosocomiais para diminuir a incidência, mortalidade e morbilidade de sépsis neonatal e a utilização de antibióticos de largo espetro.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antimicrobial susceptibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[blood culture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[newborn]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sepsis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[hemocultura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[recém-nascido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sensibilidade antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sépsis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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