<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-0754</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-0754</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Hospitalar do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-07542024000300170</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v33.i3.33876</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pediatric hospitalizations for respiratory infections: Before and after SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Hospitalizações pediátricas por infeções respiratórias: Antes e depois do SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lurdes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira-Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4 "/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Af5"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte Department of Pediatrics]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences ICBAS ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte Pediatric Pulmonology Unit]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Porto Faculty of Medicine CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technologies and Information Systems Research]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Porto Faculty of Medicine MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>170</fpage>
<lpage>180</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-07542024000300170&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-07542024000300170&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-07542024000300170&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, several non-pharmacological measures were adopted to prevent and control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.  Objective:  To compare pediatric hospitalizations for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) before and after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.  Materials and Methods:  This was a retrospective, observational study of admissions for ARIs in the pediatric ward of a tertiary hospital between April 2018 and March 2021. Inclusion criteria comprised: hospitalization of pediatric patients ([0-17[ years); length of stay &gt;24 hours; and a respiratory infection diagnosis code from ICD-10. Data were collected using electronic clinical records. The first two years were considered &#8216;non-COVID-19 years&#8217; (year[Y]1 and Y2), while the period between April 2020 and March 2021 was considered the &#8216;COVID-19 year&#8217; (Y3).  Results:  A total of 783 hospitalizations were included in the analysis. There was a significant decrease in ARIs admissions in Y3 compared to Y1 and 2 (-67% from Y2 to Y3; p&lt;0.001), with a decrease in the proportion of bronchiolitis cases (-42% from Y2 to Y3; p&lt;0.001) and an increase in pneumonia cases (+124% from Y2 to Y3; p&lt;0.001). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of respiratory viruses from Y2 to Y3 (76.6% vs. 56.4%; p&lt;0.001), mainly driven by a decrease in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; 46.8% in Y2 vs. 2.0% in Y3; p&lt;0.001). Conversely, there was a significant increase in the incidence of rhinovirus from Y2 to Y3 (15.3% vs. 22.8%; p&lt;0.001), and SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 31.7% of cases in Y3. More chest computed tomography scans were performed (5.6% vs. 10.9%; p&lt;0.001) and more systemic steroids were used (26.3% vs. 40.6%; p=0.023) from Y2 to Y3.  Conclusions:  Population-based non-pharmacological measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with a reduction in pediatric hospitalizations for ARIs. The decrease in ARIs due to RSV is particularly noteworthy in this pandemic context.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  Com o surgimento da pandemia de COVID-19, foram adotadas várias medidas não farmacológicas para prevenir e controlar a transmissão do SARS-CoV-2.  Objetivo:  Comparar os internamentos pediátricos por infeção respiratória (IR) antes e depois do aparecimento do SARS-CoV-2.  Métodos:  Estudo observacional retrospetivo dos internamentos por IR no Serviço de Pediatria de um hospital terciário entre abril de 2018 e março de 2021. Foram incluídos todos os episódios de internamento pediátrico ([0-17[ anos) com um tempo de internamento &gt;24 horas e código de infeção respiratória do ICD-10. Os dados foram extraídos dos registos clínicos eletrónicos. Os primeiros 2 anos foram considerados &#8216;anos não-COVID-19&#8217; (ano[A]1 e A2), e entre abril de 2020 e março de 2021 foi considerado o &#8216;ano COVID-19&#8217; (A3).  Resultados:  Foi registado um total de 783 internamentos durante o período considerado. Houve uma redução significativa na incidência de vírus respiratórios no A3 em comparação com o A1 e A2 (-67% do A2 para A3; p&lt;0,001), com uma redução na proporção de casos de bronquiolite (-42% do A2 para A3; p&lt;0,001) e um aumento na proporção de casos de pneumonia (+124% do A2 para A3; p&lt;0,001). Houve uma redução na incidência de vírus respiratórios do A2 para o A3 (76,6% e 56,4%, respetivamente; p&lt;0,001), principalmente devido ao vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR; 46,8% no A2 e 2,0% no A3; p&lt;0,001). Por outro lado, houve um aumento significativo na incidência de rinovírus do A2 para o A3 (15,3% no A2 e 22,8% no A3; p&lt;0,001) e o SARS-CoV-2 foi identificado em 31,7% dos casos no A3. Foram ainda realizadas mais tomografias computadorizadas de tórax (5,6% vs. 10,9%; p&lt;0,001) e utilizados mais corticoides sistémicos (26,3% vs. 40,6%; p= 0,023) do A2 para o A3.  Conclusões:  As medidas populacionais não farmacológicas implementadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 associaram-se a uma redução dos internamentos pediátricos por IR, sobretudo por VSR.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[respiratory syncytial virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[respiratory tract infection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[criança]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[infeções do trato respiratório]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[internamento]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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