<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-1904</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port. Electrochim. Acta]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-1904</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquímica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-19042004000300006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Automatic Determination of Uric Acid in Urine in a FIA System with a Tubular Amperometric Detecto]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quinaz Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José L.F.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Luísa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Farmácia Departmento de Química-Física]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Academia Milita CINAMIL - Centro de Investigação da Academia Militar ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>249</fpage>
<lpage>262</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-19042004000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-19042004000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-19042004000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper describes the use of a FIA system for the automatic determination of uric acid in urine, using a tubular amperometric detector. In this system, glassy carbon electrodes of tubular configuration were activated by successive cyclical scans from - 0.30 to 2.00 V versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode in 0.50 mol.L-1 sulphuric acid solution. Samples were diluted in supporting electrolyte before analysis and no other pre-treatment was employed. Such dilution enabled the matrix effects to be reduced and therefore improving the sensitivity provided by the activation step that allows the uric acid (UA) to be detected at lower concentration levels after dilution. Uric acid determination was performed in a single channel FIA manifold, which provided reproducibility of sample transport to the detector and enabled a sampling rate of 120 samples per hour to be achieved. The tubular configuration of the cell offered robustness to the system since it was rigidly fixed to the manifold, allowing the manifold to be generalised for routine analysis application. The results obtained with the FIA system for UA determination in urine were compared with those from the enzymatic method used in clinical analysis laboratories. No statistical difference between methods was found at the 95% confidence level. Relative deviations between both methods were within ± 4% and the proposed system showed good repeatability (about 3%, n = 10).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[uric acid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[amperometric detection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tubular electrodes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FIA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align=center><b> Automatic Determination of Uric Acid in Urine in a FIA System with a Tubular  Amperometric Detecto </b></p>      <p align=center>&nbsp;</p>      <p align=center><b>&nbsp;</b></p>      <p align=center><b> <a name="top1"></a>M. Beatriz Quinaz Garcia,<a href="#back1">*</a>    José L.F.C. Lima, M. Luísa Silva, João P. Sousa<sup>a</sup></b></p>      <p align=center>&nbsp;</p>     <p align=center> REQUIMTE / Departmento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia  da Universidade do Porto, </p>     <p align=center> Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal</p>     <p align=center><sup> a</sup>  Academia Militar, CINAMIL, Rua Gomes Freire, 1150-244 Lisboa, Portugal.</p>        <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align=center>Received  17  November 2003; accepted in revised form 2 June 2004</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Abstract</b></p>      <p> This  paper describes the use of a FIA system for the automatic determination of uric  acid in urine, using a tubular amperometric detector. In this system, glassy  carbon electrodes &nbsp;of &nbsp;tubular &nbsp;configuration &nbsp;were &nbsp;activated &nbsp;by successive  cyclical scans from - 0.30 to 2.00 V versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode in 0.50  mol.L<sup>-1</sup> sulphuric acid solution. Samples were diluted in supporting  electrolyte before analysis and no other pre-treatment was employed. Such  dilution enabled the matrix effects to be reduced and therefore improving the  sensitivity provided by the activation step that allows the uric acid (UA) to be  detected at lower concentration levels after dilution. Uric acid determination  was performed in a single channel FIA manifold, which provided reproducibility of sample transport to the detector and enabled a  sampling rate of 120 samples per hour to be achieved. The tubular configuration  of the cell offered robustness to the system since it was rigidly fixed to the  manifold, allowing the manifold to be generalised for routine analysis  application. The results obtained with the FIA system for UA determination in  urine were compared with those from the enzymatic method used in clinical  analysis laboratories. No statistical difference between methods was found at  the 95% confidence level. Relative deviations between both methods were within ±  4% and the proposed system showed good repeatability (about 3%, n = 10).</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b><i>Keywords</i>:</b>  uric  acid, amperometric detection, tubular electrodes, FIA.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>        <p>&nbsp;</p>       <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>       <p>Full text only in PDF format.</p>       ]]></body>
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