<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-1904</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port. Electrochim. Acta]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-1904</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquímica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-19042004000400001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Guard Ring and Electrochemical Noise Employment in the Evaluation of the Steel-Concrete System]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Empleo de Anillos de Guarda y Ruido Electroquímico en la Evaluación del Sistema Acero-Hormigón]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieves Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeraya-Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uruchurtu Chavarin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaona Tiburcio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Villafañe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chihuahua Chih]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Chihuahua  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chihuahua Chih]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investig. de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas CIICAp  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>305</fpage>
<lpage>320</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-19042004000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-19042004000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-19042004000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[To evaluate the electrochemical parameters of the reinforced concrete specimens at laboratory level there is no problem at all, because one can use any well-known electrochemical technique, but in site monitoring, there are few techniques being able to obtain these parameters. In this work a viable alternative is presented for the electrochemical evaluation of the reinforced concrete specimens in laboratory or in site monitoring. In order to have a reference of the corrosion rate obtained with the electrochemical noise technique and to be able to establish if these are real ones, measurements with commercial equipment were made applying the polarization resistance technique.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Evaluar los parámetros electroquímicos del acero del armado en especimenes de hormigón, a nivel laboratorio no se tiene ningún problema, se pueden emplear prácticamente cualquier técnica electroquímica conocida y así poder obtener dichos parámetros, pero in situ, son pocas las técnicas disponibles para llevar acabo dicha evaluación. En este trabajo de investigación se presenta una alternativa viable para la evaluación electroquímica del acero del armado embebido en estructuras de hormigón ya sea en laboratorio o "in situ". Para tener una referencia de los valores de intensidad de corrosión obtenidas con la técnica de ruido electroquímico y poder establecer si estos son reales, se realizaron mediciones con un equipo comercial que aplica la técnica de resistencia a la polarización.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corrosion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electrochemical noise]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polarization resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[armed concrete]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[monitoring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrosión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ruido electroquímico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia a la polarización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hormigón armado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[monitoreo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"> <b>Guard Ring and Electrochemical Noise Employment in the  Evaluation of the Steel-Concrete System </b></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b> D. Nieves Mendoza,<sup>a,</sup><a name="top1"></a><a href="#back1">*</a>    F. Almeraya-Calderón,<sup>a</sup>&nbsp; J. Rivera Mejía,<sup>b</sup> </b><b>J.    Uruchurtu Chavarin,<sup>c</sup> C. Gaona Tiburcio,<sup>a</sup> A. Martínez Villafañe<sup>a</sup></b></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><sup> a)</sup>  Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados,  Av. Miguel de Cervantes 120,  </p>     <p align="center"> Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, 31109  Chihuahua, Chih., México.</p>     <p align="center"><sup> b)</sup>  Instituto Tecnológico de Chihuahua, Ave. Tecnológico #2909, Chihuahua, Chih.,  México.</p>     <p align="center"><sup> c)</sup>  Centro de Investig. de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas CIICAp, Cuernavaca, Mor. México.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"> Received  26  February 2004; accepted in revised form 07 May 2004</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b> Abstract</b></p>     <p>To evaluate  the electrochemical parameters of the reinforced concrete specimens at  laboratory level there is no problem at all, because one can use any well-known  electrochemical technique, but in site monitoring, there are few techniques  being able to obtain these parameters. In this work a viable alternative is  presented for the electrochemical evaluation of the reinforced concrete  specimens in laboratory or in site monitoring. In order to have a reference of  the corrosion rate obtained with the electrochemical noise technique and to be  able to establish if these are real ones, measurements with commercial equipment  were made applying the polarization resistance technique.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b><i> Keywords</i></b>: corrosion, electrochemical noise, polarization resistance,    armed concrete, monitoring.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Empleo de Anillos de Guarda y Ruido Electroqu&iacute;mico en la Evaluaci&oacute;n    del Sistema Acero-Hormig&oacute;n</b></p>     <p>Evaluar los par&aacute;metros electroqu&iacute;micos del acero del armado en    especimenes de hormig&oacute;n, a nivel laboratorio no se tiene ning&uacute;n    problema, se pueden emplear pr&aacute;cticamente cualquier t&eacute;cnica electroqu&iacute;mica    conocida y as&iacute; poder obtener dichos par&aacute;metros, pero in situ,    son pocas las t&eacute;cnicas disponibles para llevar acabo dicha evaluaci&oacute;n.    En este trabajo de investigaci&oacute;n se presenta una alternativa viable para    la evaluaci&oacute;n electroqu&iacute;mica del acero del armado embebido en    estructuras de hormig&oacute;n ya sea en laboratorio o &quot;in situ&quot;.    Para tener una referencia de los valores de intensidad de corrosi&oacute;n obtenidas    con la t&eacute;cnica de ruido electroqu&iacute;mico y poder establecer si estos    son reales, se realizaron mediciones con un equipo comercial que aplica la t&eacute;cnica    de resistencia a la polarizaci&oacute;n.</p>     <p><b><i>Palabras clave:</i></b> corrosi&oacute;n, ruido electroqu&iacute;mico, resistencia    a la polarizaci&oacute;n, hormig&oacute;n armado, monitoreo.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>         <p>&nbsp;</p>       <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>       <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>References</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p> 1. Comision Federal de Electricidad e Instituto de Ingenieria  UNAM, Manual de Tecnología del Concreto &#8220;Seccion 3&#8221;, México D.F. Editorial  Limusa, 1994, pp. 258.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000030&pid=S0872-1904200400040000100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 2. ASTM C-876-94, American Society of Test and Materials,  Standard Test Method for Half-Cell Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in  Concrete, Philadelphia, USA (1994).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000031&pid=S0872-1904200400040000100002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 3. S. Feliu, J.A. Gonzalez, F. Feliu Jr, C. Andrade, <i>ACI  Materials Journal </i>Sep. Oct. (1990) 457-460.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000032&pid=S0872-1904200400040000100003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 4. J. Newman, <i>J. Electrochem.  Soc.</i>  113 (1966) 501.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000033&pid=S0872-1904200400040000100004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 5. Manual de Inspección,<i> &#8220;</i>Evaluación y Diagnóstico de  Corrosión en Estructuras de Hormigón Armado&#8221;, Durar, Red Temática del CYTED,  1997.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000034&pid=S0872-1904200400040000100005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 6. R.A. Cottis, <i>Corrosion</i> 57 (2001) 265-285.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000035&pid=S0872-1904200400040000100006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>7. M. Stern, A.L.J.  Geary, <i>J. Electrochem. Soc</i>. 104 (1957) 56-61.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000036&pid=S0872-1904200400040000100007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>&nbsp;</p>        <p><a name="back1"></a><a href="#top1">*</a> Corresponding author. E-mail address:    <a href="mailto:demetrio.nieves@cimav.edu.mx">demetrio.nieves@cimav.edu.mx</a></p>        ]]></body><back>
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</article>
