<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-1904</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port. Electrochim. Acta]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-1904</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquímica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-19042005000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Electrode Passivation in the Electrocoagulation Process]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pasivación de los Electrodos en el Proceso de Electrocoagulación]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeraya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Facundo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ma. Teresa A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados Miguel de Cervantes 120  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chihuahua Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[One of the main limiting factors of the electrocoagulation, as a process of treatment for remotion of contaminants from residual waters, is not knowing the degree of interaction of some variables which could significantly affect the system. The electrode passivation is one of them once its presence limits the emission of metallic ions and consequently the treatment time is increased as well as cost, and remotion efficiency is decreased. In the present work potentiodynamic and potentiostatic curves were used to observe the behaviour of current density vs. pH, electrical conductivity, distance between electrodes, auxiliary electrode area and applied potential difference. We found out that all the above variables influence the current density, that passivation is at 50 mV, independently of all the other variables, and that at 2000 mV, only is observed when pH = 2 and high electrical conductivities.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Una de las principales limitantes de la electrocoagulación como proceso de tratamiento para remoción de contaminantes del agua residual, es el desconocimiento del grado de interacción de algunas variables que podrían influir significativamente al sistema, de las cuales, la pasivación de los electrodos es una de ellas, debido a que su presencia limita la emisión de iones metálicos y por consecuencia se incrementan los tiempos de tratamiento, costos de operación y se reduce la eficiencia de remoción. En el presente estudio se emplearon curvas potenciodinámicas y potenciostáticas para observar el comportamiento de la densidad de corriente ante el efecto del pH, conductividad eléctrica, distancia entre electrodos, área de electrodo auxiliar y la diferencia de potencial aplicado, determinándose que todas las variables tienen influencia en la densidad de corriente; que la pasivación se presenta a potenciales de 50 mV, independientemente del resto de las variables, y que a potenciales de 2000 mV, sólo se presenta cuando se tiene pH 2 y altas conductividades eléctricas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[potentiostatic and potentiodynamic curves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[current density]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[residual water]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[curvas potenciodinámicas y potenciostáticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[densidad de corriente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agua residual]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>Electrode Passivation in the Electrocoagulation Process</b></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>        <p align="center"><b>Gilberto B. Rios,<a href="#1">*</a><a name="top1"></a> Facundo    Almeraya, Ma. Teresa A. Herrera</b></p>      <p><b>&nbsp;</b></p>      <p align="center">Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados Miguel de Cervantes    120. Complejo Ind. Chihuahua. CP 31109, Chihuahua, Chihuahua. México.</p>      <p><i>&nbsp;</i></p>      <p align="center">Received 15 February 2004; accepted in revised form 12 December    2004</p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>        <p><b>Abstract</b></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>One of the main limiting factors of the electrocoagulation, as a process of treatment for remotion of contaminants from residual waters, is not knowing the degree of interaction of some variables which could significantly affect the system. The electrode passivation is one of them once its presence limits the emission of metallic ions and consequently the treatment time is increased as well as cost, and remotion efficiency is decreased. In the present work potentiodynamic and potentiostatic curves were used to observe the behaviour of current density vs. pH, electrical conductivity, distance between electrodes, auxiliary electrode area and applied potential difference. We found out that all the above variables influence the current density, that passivation is at 50 mV, independently of all the other variables, and that at 2000 mV, only is observed when pH = 2 and high electrical conductivities.</p>       <p><b><i>Keywords</i>:</b> potentiostatic and potentiodynamic curves, current    density, residual water.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Pasivaci&oacute;n de los Electrodos en el Proceso de Electrocoagulaci&oacute;n</b></p>     <p>&nbsp; </p>     <p><b>Resumen</b></p>     <p>   Una de las principales limitantes de la electrocoagulaci&oacute;n como proceso    de tratamiento para remoci&oacute;n de contaminantes del agua residual, es el    desconocimiento del grado de interacci&oacute;n de algunas variables que podr&iacute;an    influir significativamente al sistema, de las cuales, la pasivaci&oacute;n de    los electrodos es una de ellas, debido a que su presencia limita la emisi&oacute;n    de iones met&aacute;licos y por consecuencia se incrementan los tiempos de tratamiento,    costos de operaci&oacute;n y se reduce la eficiencia de remoci&oacute;n. En    el presente estudio se emplearon curvas potenciodin&aacute;micas y potenciost&aacute;ticas    para observar el comportamiento de la densidad de corriente ante el efecto del    pH, conductividad el&eacute;ctrica, distancia entre electrodos, &aacute;rea    de electrodo auxiliar y la diferencia de potencial aplicado, determin&aacute;ndose    que todas las variables tienen influencia en la densidad de corriente; que la    pasivaci&oacute;n se presenta a potenciales de 50 mV, independientemente del    resto de las variables, y que a potenciales de 2000 mV, s&oacute;lo se presenta    cuando se tiene pH 2 y altas conductividades el&eacute;ctricas.</p>     <p><b>Palabras clave:</b> curvas potenciodin&aacute;micas y potenciost&aacute;ticas,    densidad de corriente, agua residual.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
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