<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-1904</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port. Electrochim. Acta]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-1904</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquímica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-19042005000100009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Simulation and Modelling of Cathodic Protection Systems by the Finite Elements and the Boundary Elements Methods]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Simulación y Modelación de Sistemas de Protección Catódica por los Métodos Numéricos de Elementos Finitos y Elementos de Contorno]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durstewitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Barrios]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeraya-Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Núñez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiburcio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Gaona]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villafañe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Martínez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV) División de Deterioro de Materiales e Integridad Estructural Grupo de Corrosión]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chihuahua Chih.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>123</fpage>
<lpage>137</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The development of mathematical models and the simulation of cathodic protection systems applied to buried tubing are presented. The solution of partial differential equations is obtained by numerical methods like finite elements and boundary elements. The purpose is developing a quantitative method of potential distribution prediction on the surface of the buried structure, covering aspects like selection of materials, geometric configuration and design of the system. As verification problems were used the problem of the square tank, and the problem of the cylindrical container. Finally two cases of buried structures are presented.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de modelos matemáticos y simulación de sistemas de protección catódica aplicados a tuberías enterradas. La solución de las ecuaciones diferenciales parciales se obtiene mediante los métodos numéricos de elementos finitos y elementos de contorno. Todo esto con la finalidad de desarrollar un método cuantitativo de predicción de la distribución del potencial y corrientes en el medio y la superficie de la estructura a proteger, cubriendo los siguientes aspectos: disminución de los efectos de corrosión debidos a la selección de materiales, configuración geométrica y diseño del sistema. Como problemas de verificación se utilizaron los dos ejemplos mas conocidos: el problema del tanque cuadrado, y el problema del recipiente cilíndrico con el par ánodo / cátodo circulares y concéntricos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cathodic protection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[buried structures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[modeling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[simulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[numerical methods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bem]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align=center><b>Simulation and Modelling of Cathodic Protection Systems by the Finite Elements and the Boundary Elements Methods</b></p>      <p><b>&nbsp;</b></p>      <p align="center"><b><a name="top1"></a>C. Barrios Durstewitz,<a href="#1">*</a>    F. Almeraya-Calderón, R. Núñez Jaquez, C. Gaona Tiburcio, A. Martínez Villafañe</b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center">Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV),    División de Deterioro de Materiales e Integridad Estructural / Grupo de Corrosión,    Miguel de Cervantes No.120  Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, C.P. 31109, Chihuahua,    Chih., México</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center">Received 19    April 2004; accepted 9 February 2004</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b>Abstract</b></p>      <p>The development of mathematical models and the simulation of cathodic protection systems applied to buried tubing are presented. The solution of partial differential equations is obtained by numerical methods like finite elements and boundary elements. The purpose is developing a quantitative method of potential distribution prediction on the surface of the buried structure, covering aspects like selection of materials, geometric configuration and design of the system. As verification problems were used the problem of the square tank, and the problem of the cylindrical container. Finally two cases of buried structures are presented.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b><i>Keywords: </i></b>cathodic protection, buried structures, modeling, simulation,    numerical methods, fem, bem.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Simulaci&oacute;n y Modelaci&oacute;n de Sistemas de Protecci&oacute;n Cat&oacute;dica    por los M&eacute;todos Num&eacute;ricos de Elementos Finitos y Elementos de    Contorno</b> </p>     <p><b>Resumen</b></p>     <p> En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de modelos matem&aacute;ticos y    simulaci&oacute;n de sistemas de protecci&oacute;n cat&oacute;dica aplicados    a tuber&iacute;as enterradas. La soluci&oacute;n de las ecuaciones diferenciales    parciales se obtiene mediante los m&eacute;todos num&eacute;ricos de elementos    finitos y elementos de contorno. Todo esto con la finalidad de desarrollar un    m&eacute;todo cuantitativo de predicci&oacute;n de la distribuci&oacute;n del    potencial y corrientes en el medio y la superficie de la estructura a proteger,    cubriendo los siguientes aspectos: disminuci&oacute;n de los efectos de corrosi&oacute;n    debidos a la selecci&oacute;n de materiales, configuraci&oacute;n geom&eacute;trica    y dise&ntilde;o del sistema. Como problemas de verificaci&oacute;n se utilizaron    los dos ejemplos mas conocidos: el problema del tanque cuadrado, y el problema    del recipiente cil&iacute;ndrico con el par &aacute;nodo / c&aacute;todo circulares    y conc&eacute;ntricos.     <br> </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Texto completo disponível em PDF</p>      <p>Full text only in PDF format</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>References</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>1.      R.A. Adey and S.M. Niku, ASTM STP 1154, R.S. Munn, Ed. ASTM, 1992, pp. 248-264.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000028&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>2.      V.G. De Giorgi, E.D. Thomas, and A.I. Kaznoff, ASTM STP 1154, R.S. Munn, Ed., ASTM, Philadelphia, USA, 1992, pp .265-276.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000029&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>3.      R.D. Strommen, ASTM STP 1154, R.S. Munn, Ed. ASTM, 1992, pp. 229-247.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000030&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>4.      R.S. Munn, Computer Modeling in Corrosion, ASTM STP 1154, R.S. Munn, Ed. ASTM, 1992, pp. 215-228.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000031&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>5.      K.J. Kennelley, L. Bone, M.E. Orazem, <i>Corrosion</i> 49(3) (1993) 199-210. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000032&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>6.      M.E. Orazem, J.M. Esteban, K.J. Kennelley, R.M. Degerstedt, <i>Corrosion</i> 53(4) (1997) 264-272.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000033&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>7.      M.E. Orazem, J.M. Esteban, K.J. Kennelley, R.M. Degerstedt, <i>Corrosion</i> 53(6) (1997) 427-436. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000034&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>8.      J. Amador, J. Genesca, <i>Afinidad</i> 59(501) (2002) 530-541. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000035&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>9.      W. Sun, K.M. Liu, <i>J. Electrochemical Soc.</i> 147(10) (2000) 3687-3690.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000036&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>10.    L.S. Xiao-Zhe, J. Newmann, <i>J. Electrochemical Soc.</i> 148 (4) B    (2001) 157-B162.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S0872-1904200500010000900010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><a name="1"></a><a href="#top1">*</a> Corresponding author. E-mail address:    <a href="mailto:carlos.barrios@cimav.edu.mx">carlos.barrios@cimav.edu.mx</a></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>        ]]></body><back>
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