<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-1904</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port. Electrochim. Acta]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-1904</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquímica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-19042005000100014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Development and Validation of a Voltammetry Method to Determine Traces of Iron in Water and other Matrixes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo y Validación de un Método Voltamperométrico para Determinar Trazas de Hierro en aguas y otras Matrices]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Gámez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Costa Rica School of Chemistry Electrochemistry and Chemical Energy Center]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>209</fpage>
<lpage>221</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[It was developed a sensitive analytical methodology to determine iron in water samples and other matrixes. It was used a differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry technique and adsorptive preconcentration with KSCN as a ligand and NaNO2 as a catalytic agent. The methodology has a linear range between 0.7 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L, a detection limit of 0.2 mg/L and a quantification limit of 0.7 mg/L. The averaged sensitivity is 344 nA/(mg/L). The accuracy has a recovery of 102% for 1.0 mg/L of iron with a variation coefficient of 4%. Also it was studied the linearity of the Fe-cathecol system, which has an average sensitivity of 4 nA/(mg/L), much lower than the one of the Fe-KSCN system, and a wider linear range from 2.4 mg/L to 50.0 mg/, a detection limit of 0.7 mg/L and quantification limit of 2.4 mg/L, with a variation coefficient of 8% and recoveries near 100% at different concentration levels.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se desarrolló una metodología analítica sensible para determinar hierro en muestras de agua y otras matrices. Se utilizó la técnica voltamperométrica de redisolución catódica con pulso diferencial y preconcentración adsortiva utilizando KSCN como ligando y NaNO2 como agente catalítico. El método tiene un ámbito lineal entre 0.7 µg/L y 10.0 µg/L, con un límite de detección de 0.2 µg/L y de cuantificación de 0.7 µg/L. La sensibilidad promedio es de 344 nA/(µg/L). La veracidad como 102% de recuperación para 1.0 µg/L con un coeficiente de variación de 4%. También se estudió la linealidad del sistema Fe-catecol, el cual tiene sensibilidad promedio de 4 nA/(µg/L) menor que el sistema Fe-KSCN y un ámbito lineal mayor, desde 2.4 µg/L hasta 50.0 µg/L, un límite de detección de 0.7 µg/L y de cuantificación de 2.4 µg/L con un coeficiente de variación de 8% y recuperaciones cercanas al 100% a varios niveles de concentración.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adsorptive voltammetry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[iron]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thyocianate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nitrite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cathecol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[trace analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[voltamperometría adsortiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hierro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiocianato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nitrito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[catecol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de trazas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p class=MsoNormal align=center><b>Development and Validation of a Voltammetry Method to Determine Traces of Iron in Water and other Matrixes</b></p>      <p class=MsoNormal align=center><b>&nbsp;</b></p>      <p align="center"><b>Ana L. Alvarado-Gámez<a href="#1">*</a><a name="top1"></a>,    Jorge Campos-Fernández</b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p class=MsoNormal align=center>Electrochemistry and Chemical Energy Center and School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica</p>      <p><i>&nbsp;</i></p>      <p><i>&nbsp;</i></p>      <p class=MsoNormal align=center>Received 31 May 2004; accepted in revised form 21  September 2004</p>      <p><i>&nbsp;</i></p>      <p><b>&nbsp;</b></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b>Abstract</b></p>      <p>It was developed a sensitive analytical methodology to determine iron in water    samples and other matrixes.  It was used a differential pulse cathodic stripping    voltammetry technique and adsorptive preconcentration with KSCN as a ligand    and NaNO<sub>2 </sub>as a catalytic agent. The methodology has a linear range    between 0.7 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L, a detection limit of 0.2 mg/L and a quantification    limit of 0.7 mg/L.  The averaged sensitivity is 344 nA/(mg/L).  The accuracy    has a recovery of 102% for 1.0 mg/L of iron with a variation coefficient of    4%. Also it was studied the linearity of the Fe-cathecol system, which has an    average sensitivity of 4 nA/(mg/L), much lower than the one of the Fe-KSCN system,    and a wider linear range  from 2.4 mg/L to 50.0 mg/, a detection limit of 0.7    mg/L and quantification limit of 2.4 mg/L, with a variation coefficient of 8%    and recoveries near  100% at different concentration levels.</p>      <p><b><i>Keywords: </i></b>adsorptive voltammetry, iron, thyocianate, nitrite,    cathecol, trace analysis.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Desarrollo y Validaci&oacute;n de un M&eacute;todo Voltamperom&eacute;trico    para Determinar Trazas de Hierro en aguas y otras Matrices</b></p>     <p><b>Resumen</b></p>     <p>   Se desarroll&oacute; una metodolog&iacute;a anal&iacute;tica sensible para determinar    hierro en muestras de agua y otras matrices. Se utiliz&oacute; la t&eacute;cnica    voltamperom&eacute;trica de redisoluci&oacute;n cat&oacute;dica con pulso diferencial    y preconcentraci&oacute;n adsortiva utilizando KSCN como ligando y NaNO2 como    agente catal&iacute;tico. El m&eacute;todo tiene un &aacute;mbito lineal entre    0.7 &#181;g/L y 10.0 &#181;g/L, con un l&iacute;mite de detecci&oacute;n de 0.2 &#181;g/L y    de cuantificaci&oacute;n de 0.7 &#181;g/L. La sensibilidad promedio es de 344 nA/(&#181;g/L).    La veracidad como 102% de recuperaci&oacute;n para 1.0 &#181;g/L con un coeficiente    de variaci&oacute;n de 4%. Tambi&eacute;n se estudi&oacute; la linealidad del    sistema Fe-catecol, el cual tiene sensibilidad promedio de 4 nA/(&#181;g/L) menor    que el sistema Fe-KSCN y un &aacute;mbito lineal mayor, desde 2.4 &#181;g/L hasta    50.0 &#181;g/L, un l&iacute;mite de detecci&oacute;n de 0.7 &#181;g/L y de cuantificaci&oacute;n    de 2.4 &#181;g/L con un coeficiente de variaci&oacute;n de 8% y recuperaciones cercanas    al 100% a varios niveles de concentraci&oacute;n.</p>     <p><b>Palabras claves:</b> voltamperometr&iacute;a adsortiva, hierro, tiocianato, nitrito,    catecol, an&aacute;lisis de trazas. </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Texto complete disponível em PDF</p>      <p>Full text only in PDF format</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>References</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>1.      L. Arroyo, A.L. Alvarado, S. Bravo de Maroto, <i>Ingeniería</i><i> y Ciencia  Química</i> 16-2  (1996) 80.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000028&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>2.      K. Saborío, A.L. Alvarado, S. Bravo de Maroto, <i>Ingeniería y Ciencia     Química</i> 15-1  (1995) 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000029&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>3.      J. Wang, <i>Stripping Analysis, Principles, Instrumentation and Applications,</i> VCH Publishers, 1985.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000030&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>4.      C.M.G. Van der Berg, Z.Q. Huang, <i>J. Electroanal. Chem</i>. 177 (1984) 269.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000031&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>5.      C.M.G. Van der Berg, M. Nimmo, O. Abollino, E. Mentasi, <i>Electroanalysis</i> 3 (1991) 477. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000032&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>6.      Z. Gao, K.S. Siow, <i>Talanta</i> 43 (1996) 727.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000033&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>7.      J. Wang, S. Mannino, <i>Analys</i>t 114 (1989) 643.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000034&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>8.      Z. Zhao, W. Jin, <i>J. Electroanal. Chem</i>. 267 (1989) 271.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000035&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>9.     M.G. Paneli, A. Voulgaropoulos, <i>Electroanalysis</i> 5 (1993) 355.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000036&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>10.    J.K. Taylor, <i>Quality Assurance of Chemical Measurements</i>, Lewis    Publishers, Inc. 1987.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S0872-1904200500010001400010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>&nbsp;</p>           <p><a href="#top1">*</a> <a name="1"></a>Corresponding author. E-mail address:    <a href="mailto:agamez@cariari.ucr.ac.cr">agamez@cariari.ucr.ac.cr</a></p>         ]]></body><back>
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