<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-1904</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port. Electrochim. Acta]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-1904</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquímica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-19042005000400006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Electrochemical Oxidation of Toluene on Glassy Carbon Electrodes in Organic Medium]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D´Elia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Química]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>481</fpage>
<lpage>490</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-19042005000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The electro-oxidation of toluene in 0.1 M But4NPF6 + CH3CN solutions on glassy carbon electrodes was studied using electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques. Toluene electro-oxidation yields an electrochemical inactive film on the electrode surface. In situ Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) studies suggest the formation of a polymeric film, as the main product, on the surface. Depending on the experimental time scale toluene transformation is a complex reaction that could involve adsorption processes, pure charge transfer reaction and couple chemical reactions. Additions of small quantities of water to the electrolyte cause a cathodic displacement of the oxidation peak potential; in other words, the electro-oxidation reaction is favoured.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electrochemical oxidation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[toluene]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organic medium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[glassy carbon]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[in situ FTIR]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>Electrochemical Oxidation of Toluene on Glassy Carbon Electrodes in Organic Medium</b><b></b></p>      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>&nbsp;</b><b>&nbsp;</b></p>      <p class=MsoBodyText align=center><b>Luis F. D´Elia,<a name="top1"></a><a href="#1">*</a>    R. Ortíz</b><i>&nbsp;</i></p>      <p align="center">Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento    de Química, Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Mérida 5101, Venezuela</p>      <p class=MsoBodyText align=center><i>&nbsp;</i></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Abstract</b></p>      <p>The electro-oxidation of toluene in 0.1 M But<sub>4</sub>NPF<sub>6 </sub>+    CH<sub>3</sub>CN solutions on glassy carbon electrodes was studied using electrochemical    and spectroelectrochemical techniques. Toluene electro-oxidation yields an electrochemical    inactive film on the electrode surface. <i>In situ</i> Fourier Transformed Infrared    (FTIR) studies suggest the formation of a polymeric film, as the main product,    on the surface. Depending on the experimental time scale toluene transformation    is a complex reaction that could involve adsorption processes, pure charge transfer    reaction and couple chemical reactions. Additions of small quantities of water    to the electrolyte cause a cathodic displacement of the oxidation peak potential;    in other words, the electro-oxidation reaction is favoured. </p>      <p><b>Keywords: <i> </i></b>electrochemical oxidation, toluene, organic medium, glassy carbon, <i>in situ</i> FTIR.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
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