<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-1904</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port. Electrochim. Acta]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-1904</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquímica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-19042025000200141</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4152/pea.2025430205</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bio-Pharma Synergistic Blend as Potential Ecofriendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel Protection in 0.5 M HCL Media]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fayomi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. S. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akpoborie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogunsola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojediran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Bells University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ota Ogun State]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Covenant University Department of Mechanical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ota Ogun State]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Johannesburg Department of Mechanical Engineering Science ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Johannesburg ]]></addr-line>
<country>South Africa</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Bells University of Technology Department of Biological Science ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ota Ogun State]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>141</fpage>
<lpage>151</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-19042025000200141&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-19042025000200141&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-19042025000200141&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract There is a growing trend in utilizing pharmaceutical compounds and plant extracts as CI. Therefore, in this study, the inhibitive performance of Citrus x aurantiifolia extract (CAE) and expired CPM on MS corrosion in 0.5 M HCl solutions was studied using Ec measurements. Furthermore, MS samples without and with inhibitors were characterized by SEM/EDX spectroscopy. Results confirmed that CAE and CPM effectively acted as CI in HCl. IE(%) increased with inhibitors higher Ct. PDP studies confirmed that the system followed a mixed mode of inhibition. Investigations by SEM/EDX established the formation of a protective film on the MS surface. CAE adsorption performance was also studied, which suggested Langmuir&#8217;s isotherm was the most suitable model.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adsorption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CAE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CPM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ec measurements]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EDX]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PDP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SEM]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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