<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-1904</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port. Electrochim. Acta]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-1904</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquímica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-19042026000200095</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4152/pea.2026440202</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Energy Production from Extracting Lignin and Valorization of Agricultural Biomass Waste: Pretreatment and Characterization]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bashir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laghari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddique]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karamat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Faculty of Agriculture Engineering Department of Energy and Environment Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tandojam Sindh]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Bristol School of Geographical Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,BUITEMS Department of Chemical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quetta Baluchistan]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Bahauddin Zakariya University Institute of Chemical Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Multan ]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>105</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-19042026000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-19042026000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-19042026000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study investigated a method for sustainable energy production which involved extracting lignin from waste Bm (AS, BTB, NTB and WnS), to use it as an energy source. The main goal was to advance alternative resources for producing transportation fuels and commodity chemicals, paving the way for a carbon-emission-free future. A pretreatment procedure was conducted, using methods such as EDX, SEM, TGA, proximate and ultimate analyses, to examine extracted lignin. Herein, WnS displayed the highest Bm-derived lignin Ct. BTB and NTB exhibited highest Ct from S, while, remarkably, AS showed the lowest one. NTB extraction process investigation revealed that minimum and maximum yields, at 2 and 3 h, produced lignin Ct of 6 and 8%, respectively. Similarly, BTB yielded 12 and 13% lignin, after 1 and 2 h, respectively. The study indicated that WnS possessed the highest lignin Ct. Furthermore, it was seen that varying certain parameters increased lignin yield.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biofuel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chemical treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[green energy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lignin cellulose]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[production]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[renewable energy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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