<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-3419</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sociologia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Sociologia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-3419</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-34192025000200143</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21747/08723419/soc52a5</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Diferenças de classe no envolvimento parental: interações e processos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Class differences in parental involvement: interactions and processes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Différences de classe dans l'implication parentale : interactions et processus]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diferencias de clase en la participación parental: interacciones y procesos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>143</fpage>
<lpage>162</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-34192025000200143&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-34192025000200143&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-34192025000200143&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo As pesquisas sobre envolvimento escolar têm-se interessado pelos efeitos das práticas de apoio parental no desempenho dos filhos. Esses estudos costumam operacionalizar os comportamentos familiares como variáveis independentes, procurando uma correlação estatística com o sucesso escolar dos filhos, considerado como variável dependente. Defendemos que essa abordagem ignora dinâmicas cruciais de interdependência e processo. Os comportamentos de pais e filhos modificam-se mutuamente, numa relação mediada pelas interações passadas, que, por sua vez, condicionam as futuras. Com base numa pesquisa própria, oferecemos explicações alternativas para diversos resultados consolidados na literatura sobre o tema, especialmente no que diz respeito às diferenças de classe social no envolvimento parental.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Research on school involvement has focused on the effects of parental support practices on children's academic performance. These studies often operationalize family behaviors as independent variables, seeking their statistical correlation with children's academic success, considered a dependent variable. We argue that this approach overlooks crucial dynamics of interdependence and process. The behaviors of parents and children mutually shape each other in a relationship mediated by past interactions, which, in turn, influence future ones. Based on our own research, we offer alternative explanations for several well-established findings in the literature on this topic, particularly regarding social class differences in parental involvement.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé Les recherches sur l'implication scolaire se sont intéressées à les effets des pratiques de soutien parental sur la performance académique des enfants. Ces études tendent à opérationnaliser les comportements familiaux comme des variables indépendantes, cherchant leur corrélation statistique avec la réussite scolaire des enfants, considérée comme une variable dépendante. Nous soutenons que cette approche néglige des dynamiques essentielles d'interdépendance et de processus. Les comportements des parents et des enfants se modifient mutuellement dans une relation médiée par les interactions passées, qui influencent à leur tour les interactions futures. À partir de notre propre recherche, nous proposons des explications alternatives à plusieurs résultats bien établis dans la littérature sur ce sujet, en particulier en ce qui concerne les différences de classe sociale dans l'implication parentale.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las investigaciones sobre implicación escolar se han interesado por los efectos de las prácticas de apoyo parentales sobre los rendimientos filiales. Estas investigaciones suelen operacionalizar los comportamientos familiares como variables independientes, buscando su correlación estadística con el logro escolar de los hijos a modo de variable dependiente. Sostenemos que este enfoque ignora dinámicas cruciales de interdependencia y proceso. Los comportamientos de progenitores e hijos se modifican mutuamente, en una relación mediada por las interacciones pasadas que a su vez que condiciona las futuras. Partiendo de una investigación propia, ofrecemos explicaciones alternativas a varios hallazgos asentados en la literatura sobre la cuestión, especialmente en lo relativo a las diferencias de clase social en la implicación parental.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Implicação parental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Classe social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Casualidade processual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Parental involvement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social class]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Processual casualty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Implication parentale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Classe sociale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Causalité procédurale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Implicación parental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Clase social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Causalidad procesual]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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