<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-671X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Interna]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Interna]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-671X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Medicina Interna]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-671X2021000300067</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24950/r/54/21/3/2021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Avaliação e Abordagem do Doente com Hemorragia Intracerebral Espontânea: Artigo de Revisão]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Assessment and Medical Intervention of the Patient with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Review Article]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patrícia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mário]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ermelinda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal Serviço de Medicina Interna ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Setúbal ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-671X2021000300067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-671X2021000300067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-671X2021000300067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A hemorragia intracraniana espontânea afeta anualmente mais de 1 milhão de pessoas, representando 9% a 27% do total de acidentes vasculares cerebrais a nível mundial, e apresenta uma elevada taxa de mortalidade e morbilidade. Tratando-se de uma emergência médica, o rápido diagnóstico e instituição de medidas terapêuticas com impacto reconhecido na mortalidade e morbilidade é fundamental. Este artigo pretende, à luz das recomendações mais recentes e dados mais relevantes publicados na literatura, rever a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica médica dos doentes com hemorragia intracraniana espontânea. Após o rápido diagnóstico, a utilização de escalas de gravidade é fundamental para a estratificação do risco e definição da estratégia terapêutica mais adequada, seja a nível de terapêutica médica, como da eventual indicação cirúrgica emergente. As intervenções médicas na hemorragia intracraniana podem dividir-se em primárias e secundárias, consoante o timing da sua instituição. As primárias assentam no controlo rápido e agressivo da tensão arterial, correção da coagulopatia e avaliação/intervenção neurocirúrgica. As intervenções secundárias incluem controlo da temperatura corporal, manutenção da normogli-cemia, monitorização hemodinâmica, do estado de consciência e da pressão intracraniana. Concomitantemente com a abordagem terapêutica, devem ser iniciadas diligências no sentido de orientar o doente para o local mais adequado à gravidade do seu quadro, já que atrasos nesta definição estão associa-dos a pior prognóstico clínico. Assim com este artigo pretende criar-se uma ferramenta auxiliar na otimização da prestação de cuidados aos doentes admitidos com hemorragia intracraniana.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Intracranial hemorrhage affects over one million people worldwide, representing up to 27% of the total number of strokes. It has a high morbidity and mortality rates. Being a medical emergency, a swift diagnosis and rapid institution of prognostic changing measures is of the utmost importance. This article aims at reviewing the most recent guidelines and more relevant data published in order to define the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of intracranial hemorrhage. After a quick diagnosis, the application of severity scales is crucial to the stratification of the risk and in the definition of the most suitable therapeutical strategy, including medical and surgical measures. Medical interventions can be divided as primary and secondary. Primary measures include aggressive control of the blood pressure, reversal of anti-coagulation and rapid evaluation for the need of surgical intervention. Secondary measures include body temperature control, normoglycemia and hemodynamic, mental status and intracranial pressure monitoring. Simultaneously with the therapeutic approach, diligences must be initiated to ensure the transference of the patient to the right level of care, since delaying this step is associated with worse prognosis. This article intends to create an auxiliary tool in giving the best possible care to the patients with intracranial hemorrhage.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Acidente Vascular Cerebral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Hemorra-gias Intracranianas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Hipertensão Intracraniana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pressão Intracraniana.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intracranial Hemorrhages]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intracranial Hyper-tension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intracranial Pressure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stroke]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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