<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-671X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Interna]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Interna]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-671X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Medicina Interna]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-671X2022000100020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24950/rspmi.2022.01.o</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio: The Role of Adding a Biomarker to a Predictive Post-Stroke Pneumonia Score]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Relação Neutrófilo-Linfócito: Acrescentando um Biomarcador a uma Escala Preditiva de Pneumonia Pós-Acidente Vascular Cerebral]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diogo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narciso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa Passos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte Serviço de Doenças Infeciosas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte Serviço de Medicina III ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-671X2022000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-671X2022000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-671X2022000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  To assess the association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with post-stroke pneumonia (PSP) incidence, stroke subtype, severity, and prognosis.  Material and Methods:  Prospective observational study over a 42-month period in a Stroke Unit of a tertiary University Hospital. All patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) were sequentially included. NLR was obtained at admission. Pa-tient characteristics such as stroke subtype, severity and PSP diagnosis were ascertained. Score A2DS2 was used as clinical predictor of PSP.  Results:  521 patients with AIS were identified. The mean age was 76.17 ± 10.16 years years, 46.9% were men. Association was found between NLR and type and severity of stroke (p &lt; 0.01), persisting in stratified analysis after excluding concomitant infection. Patients with higher ratio presented severer neurological deficits at admission, higher mortality, and dependency on discharge (p &lt; 0.01). A logistic regression was performed to ascertain the predictive capacity of NLR (&#8805;3) and A2DS2 (&#8805;6) on the likelihood of developing PSP (p &lt; 0.005). The model explained 17.1% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in pneumonia diagnoses, correctly classifying 77.0% of patients with 96.3% specificity. Patients with A2DS2 &#8805;6 were likelier to develop pneumonia (OR 8.36, p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, patients with NLR &#8805;3 had higher odds of developing pneumonia (OR 2.35, p &lt; 0.01).  Conclusion:  NLR appears to be related to severity in AIS, possibly as surrogate of neuroimmune mediation. Advances in the understanding of the immunobiological effects of ischemia in the brain may lead to future therapeutic developments. Presently, as a relatively inexpensive biomarker, there may be a potential role for NLR in improving PSP prediction scores.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  Avaliar a associação da relação neutrófilo-linfócito (NLR) e a incidência de pneumonia pós-acidente vascular cerebral (PSP), subtipo de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), gravidade e prognóstico.  Material e Métodos:  Foi realizado um estudo prospetivo observacional durante um período de 42 meses numa Unidade de AVC de um hospital terciário. Todos os doentes com AVC isquémico agudo (AIS) foram sequencialmente incluídos. O valor de NLR foi calculado na admissão. As características dos doentes como subtipo de AVC, gravidade e diagnóstico de PSP foram obtidos. A escala A2DS2 foi utilizada como preditor clínico de PSP.  Resultados:  Foram identificados 521 doentes com AIS. A idade média foi 76,17 ± 10,16 anos, 46,9% eram homens. Verificou-se uma associação entre NLR, tipo e gravidade de AVC (p &lt;0,01), persistindo em análise estratificada após exclu-são de infeção concomitante. Doentes com NLR mais elevado apresentavam défice neurológico mais grave na admissão, maior mortalidade e maior grau de dependência na alta (p &lt; 0,01). Foi realizada uma regressão logística para caracterizar a capacidade preditiva da NLR (&#8805;3) e do A2DS2 (&#8805;6) na probabilidade de desenvolver PSP (p &lt; 0,005). O modelo explicou 17,1% (Nagelkerke R2) da variância nos diagnósticos de pneumonia, classificando corretamente 77,0% dos doentes com uma especificidade de 96,3%. Doentes com A2DS2 &#8805;6 (OR 8,36, p &lt; 0,01) e doentes com NLR &#8805;3 (OR 2,35, p &lt; 0,01) apresentaram um maior risco de desenvolver pneumonia.  Conclusão:  NLR parece estar relacioando com a gravidade dos AIS, possivelmente como marcador de ativação neuroimune. Avanços na compreensão dos efeitos imunobiológicos da isquemia no cérebro poderão levar a desenvolvimentos terapêuticos futuros. Atualmente, sendo um biomarcador relativamente pouco dispendioso, talvez exista um papel da NLR na melhoria das escalas preditoras de PSP.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Linfócito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Neutrófilo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pneumonia.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lymphocytes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neutrophils]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pneumonia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stroke/complications.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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