<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-671X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Interna]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Interna]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-671X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Medicina Interna]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-671X2022000200049</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24950/rspmi.287</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Síndrome de Libertação de Citocinas em Doentes sob Tratamento Oncológico com CAR-T]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cytokíne Release Syndrome ín Oncologíc Patíents Treated wíth CAR-T]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria João]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mafalda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Entre o Douro e Vouga  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Maria da Feira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Maria da Feira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>49</fpage>
<lpage>57</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-671X2022000200049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-671X2022000200049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-671X2022000200049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Dado o desenvolvimento e crescente utilização da imunoterapia como opção terapêutica na doença oncológica, nomeadamente através de células T recetoras de antigénio quimérico (CAR-1), torna-se essencial uma expansão do conhecimento da gestão das toxicidades associadas. A síndrome de libertação de citocinas (SLC) e a neurotoxicidade associada a terapêuticas com CAR-T são as duas condições mais frequentes e são não só potencialmente fatais, mas também de difícil diagnóstico, uma vez que mimetizam outras patologias, como a sépsis. Com esta revisão bibliográfica, pretendemos caracterizar a SLC em doentes oncológicos sob terapêutica com CAR-T, com um enfoque particular na clínica e gestão terapêutica desta síndrome.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The field of immunotherapy and its exponential growth as a therapeutic option against cancer, in particular through the novel therapy using chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T), unravels the need to expand knowledge related to its toxicities. Cytokine release syndrome and the neurotoxicity associated with CAR-T therapy are the two most frequent conditions and are not only potentially fatal but also difficult to diagnose, since they can mimic other diseases, such as sepsis. The aim of this review was to characterize cytokine release syndrome in on­cologic patients treated with CAR-T therapy, mainly focusing on its clínical manifestations and therapeutic management.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Receptores de Antígenos Quimérico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Síndrome de Libertação de Citocinas/tratamento farmacológico.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cytokine Re/ease Syndromeldrug therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Receptors, Antigen, T-Ce/1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Receptors, Chimeric Antigen.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimabukuro-Vornhagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gódel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subklewe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stemmler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SchlóBer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlaak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytokine release syndrome]]></article-title>
<collab>et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[J lmmunother Cancer]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[lqbal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kharfan-Dabaja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytokine Release Syndrome: Current Perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[lmmunoTargets Ther]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>43-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cosenza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sacchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytokine release syndrome associatedwith T-cell-based therapies for hematological malignancies Pathophysio­logy, clinical presentation, and treatment. lnt J Mol]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sei]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>7652</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AKS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CA Cancer J Clin. ;]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>86-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytokine release syndrome grading, modeling, and new therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Hematol Oncol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>121</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santomasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Locke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghobadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turtle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brudno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neu­rologic Toxicity Associated with lmmune Effector Cells]]></article-title>
<collab>et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Biai Blood Marrow Transplant]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>625-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytokine Release Syndrome with Chimeric Antigen Recep­tor T Cell Therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biai Blood Marrow Transplant]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>e123-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kochenderfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stetler-Stevenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delbrook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults A phase 1 dose­-escalation triai]]></article-title>
<collab>Feld­man SA.et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lance!. Lance!]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>385</volume>
<page-range>517-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brudno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kochenderfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent advances in CAR T-cell toxicity Mechanisms, manifestations and management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood Rev]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>45-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aboujaoude]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sturgill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell induced cytokine release syndrome Cur­rent and emerging approaches.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Oncol Pharm Pract]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>159-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Yescarta I European Medicines Agency</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Kymriah I European Medicines Agency</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brudno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kochenderfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells Recognition and management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<page-range>3321-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahadur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozturk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muneer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wafa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashraf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Semen quality before and alter gonadotoxic treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hum Reprod]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>774-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajgenbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[June]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytokine Storm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>383</volume>
<page-range>2255-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neelapu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giavridis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadelain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytokine release syndrome and associated neurotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev lmmunol.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>85-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>National Cancer lnstitute - Division of Cancer Treatment &amp; Diagnosis</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long­-Term Follow-up of CD19 CAR Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]]></article-title>
<collab>Riviêre 1.Gonen M.Wang X.Sénéchal B.Curran KJ.et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>378</volume>
<page-range>449</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neelapu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tummala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kebriaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wierda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Locke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy-assessment and manage­ment of toxicities]]></article-title>
<collab>et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>47-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yirdaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enawgaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Patients with Hematological Malignancies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Oncol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2017</volume>
<page-range>9684909</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Que]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schankin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CAR T-cell therapy and criticai care A survival guide for medical emergency teams]]></article-title>
<collab>et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Wien Klin Wochenschr]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<page-range>1318-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deutschman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seymour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shankar-Hari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3)]]></article-title>
<collab>et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>315</volume>
<page-range>801</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[U]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cherian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[lnfectious complications of CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell immunotherapy.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maude]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teachey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grupp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Managing cytokine release syndrome associated with novel T cell-engaging therapies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>119-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franceschini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bottau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caimmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardinale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crisafulli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions induced by drugs]]></article-title>
<collab>et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Biomed]]></source>
<year>1885</year>
<volume>2019</volume>
<page-range>44-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riegler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current approaches in the grading and ma­nagement of cY1okine release syndrome alter chimeric antigen receptor T­-cell therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ther Clin Risk Manag]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>323-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanisms of cY1okine release syndrome and neurotoxicity of CAR T-cell therapy and as­sociated prevention and management strategies]]></article-title>
<collab>et ai</collab>
<source><![CDATA[J Exp Clin Cancer Res]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>367</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>RoActemra I European Medicines Agency</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teachey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tocilizumab for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced cY1okine release syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Rev Clin lmmunol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>813-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sylvant I European Medicines Agency</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossignoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grisendi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Recchia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Revesti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cancer Gene]]></article-title>
<collab>et ai lnducible Caspase9-mediated suicide gene for MSC-based cancer gene therapy</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ther.;]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>11-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Kineret I European Medicines Agency</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Next generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells Safety strategies to overcome toxicity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mol Cancer]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>125</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
