Pregnancy and lungs
Inês A C Gonçalves Marcos1
Resumo
A patologia respiratória é relativamente frequente durante a gravidez. Um terço das grávidas sofrem exacerbação da asma. O tromboembolismo pulmonar é cerca de 5 vezes mais frequente na gravidez. As pneumonias bacterianas, virais e fúngicas são mal toleradas pela grávida, provocando significativa morbilidade materno-fetal, insuficiência respiratória, baixo peso ao nascer ou prematuridade. A tuberculose, se não for tratada, pode aumentar em 4 vezes a mortalidade materna e em 9 vezes o parto pré-termo. A gravidez está contra-indicada em mulheres com fibrose quística e função pulmonar grave. Apesar dos progressos terapêuticos, a hipertensão pulmonar continua a estar associada a valores superiores a 30% de morbilidade e mortalidade materno-fetal. Aproximadamente 1 em 1000-1500 gravidezes é complicada por neoplasia maligna materna. O cancro do pulmão nas grávidas coloca desafios terapêuticos importantes devido às elevadas taxas de mortalidade.
Palavras-chave: Pulmão, gravidez, alterações fisiológicas, complicações pulmonares.
Abstract
]]> Respiratory pathology can be relatively frequent during pregnancy. One third of pregnant woman may experience worsening of their asthma condition. Pulmonary tromboembolism is 5 times more frequent in pregnancy. Bacterial, viral and fungal pneumonias are baddly tolerated during pregnancy, provoking mother-foetal morbidity, respiratory insufficiency, low born-weight or prematurity. Non-treated tuberculosis may increase maternal mortality and preterm birth by 4 and 9 times respectively. Pregnancy is counter-indicated in women with cystic fibrosis and severe pulmonary function. Despite therapeutic progresses already made, pulmonary hypertension is associated to over 30% of mother-foetal morbidity and mortality. Approximately 1 in 1,000-1,500 pregnancies is affected by mother cancer. High rates of lung cancer morbility in women bring new and important challenges to therapy.Key-words: Pregnancy, lung, physiological changes, pulmonary complications.
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1 Interna do 5.º ano de Pneumologia.
Orientador de Formação: Dr. João Valença Rodrigues, Assistente Graduado de Pneumologia.
Director do Serviço de Pneumologia: Dr. Renato Sotto-Mayor
Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa
Recebido para publicação/received for publication: 06.12.10
Aceite para publicação/accepted for publication: 06.12.19
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