<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-2159</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Port Pneumol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-2159</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-21592007000300004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Função respiratória em bombeiros portugueses]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pulmonary function in portuguese firefighters]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mieiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paiva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M H]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bárbara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL) Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pulido Valente Unidade de Fisiopatologia Respiratória ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>349</fpage>
<lpage>364</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-21592007000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-21592007000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-21592007000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Introdução: Nos últimos anos, Portugal tem sido afectado por muitos incêndios florestais. O fumo produzido pela combustão de material orgânico é responsável por efeitos a curto e longo prazo na função respiratória de indivíduos expostos. Objectivo: Caracterizar a função respiratória de bombeiros voluntários portugueses no activo expostos a fumo de incêndio florestal. Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal. Aplicou-se um questionário individual sobre hábitos pessoais e ocupacionais e mediram-se parâmetros espirométricos, através do Piko-6®, a uma amostra de conveniência de 209 bombeiros voluntários. Resultados: Constatou-se uma elevada taxa de hábitos tabágicos (42,9%). Encontrou-se uma prevalência de padrão obstrutivo de 11,8%. Dos indivíduos obstruídos, 41,7% não fumavam, não tinham conhecimento de doença respiratória nem outra actividade ocupacional que condicionasse risco de alterações respiratórias e negavam o uso de meios de protecção das vias aéreas. Durante o combate a incêndios, 85,7% não usava meios de protecção das vias respiratórias, tendo-se observado carência deste tipo de material nas diferentes corporações. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar elevada prevalência de hábitos tabágicos nesta amostra de bombeiros portugueses, baixo grau de utilização de meios de protecção das vias respiratórias e uma prevalência de obstrução brônquica superior à média nacional de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC). Recomendam-se medidas de cessação tabágica e de uso de material protector das vias respiratórias.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Introduction: Portugal has had a high rate of forest fires in recent years. Inhaled wood smoke can have short- and long-term effects on the lung function of people exposed to it. Study objectives: To assess the lung function of active wildland (forest) firefighters. Methods: Cross-sectional study. A self-questionnaire on personal and work habits was used and spirometry values were obtained using Piko-6® for a 209 people sample. Results: We found a high rate of smoking (42.9%) and an 11.8% prevalence of obstruction. 41.7% of the obstructed individuals were non-smokers, did not state a knowledge of any respiratory disease, engaged in no other activity that could be related to lung function decrease and did not wear airway protection apparatus. 85.7% did not use any airway protection apparatus when firefighting due to lack of such equipment in their brigades. Conclusions: Data showed that there is a high prevalence of smoking habits in this sample of Portuguese firefighters; there is an unsatisfactory usage of airway protection apparatus and the prevalence of airway obstruction is higher than the COPD prevalence in the Portuguese population. We recommend stopping smoking and use of equipment for respiratory protection.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Função respiratória]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[bombeiros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fumo florestal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[espirometria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[padrão obstrutivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lung function]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[firefighters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[forest fire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spirometry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[obstructive pattern]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fun&ccedil;&atilde;o respirat&oacute;ria em bombeiros portugueses<a href="#1">*</a><a name="top1"></a></b></p>      <p><b>Pulmonary function in portuguese firefighters</b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>A G Almeida<sup><a href="#2">1</a><a name="top2"></a></sup></b></p>     <p><b>R Duarte<sup><a href="#2">1</a><a name="top2"></a></sup></b></p>     <p><b>L Mieiro<sup><a href="#2">1</a><a name="top2"></a></sup></b></p>     <p><b> C Paiva<sup><a href="#2">1</a><a name="top2"></a></sup></b></p>     <p><b>A M Rodrigues<sup><a href="#2">1</a><a name="top2"></a></sup></b></p>     <p><b>M H Almeida<sup><a href="#3">2</a><a name="top3"></a></sup></b></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b>C B&aacute;rbara<sup><a href="#4">3</a><a name="top4"></a></sup></b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b>Resumo</b></p>      <p align="justify"><b>Introdu&ccedil;&atilde;o:</b> Nos &uacute;ltimos anos, Portugal    tem sido afectado por muitos inc&ecirc;ndios florestais. O fumo produzido pela    combust&atilde;o de material org&acirc;nico &eacute; respons&aacute;vel por    efeitos a curto e longo prazo na fun&ccedil;&atilde;o respirat&oacute;ria de    indiv&iacute;duos expostos.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Objectivo:</b> Caracterizar a fun&ccedil;&atilde;o respirat&oacute;ria    de bombeiros volunt&aacute;rios portugueses no activo expostos a fumo de inc&ecirc;ndio    florestal.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>M&eacute;todos:</b> Estudo descritivo transversal. Aplicou-se    um question&aacute;rio individual sobre h&aacute;bitos pessoais e ocupacionais    e mediram-se par&acirc;metros espirom&eacute;tricos, atrav&eacute;s do Piko-6&reg;,    a uma amostra de conveni&ecirc;ncia de 209 bombeiros volunt&aacute;rios.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Resultados:</b> Constatou-se uma elevada taxa de h&aacute;bitos    tab&aacute;gicos (42,9%). Encontrou-se uma preval&ecirc;ncia de padr&atilde;o    obstrutivo de 11,8%. Dos indiv&iacute;duos obstru&iacute;dos, 41,7% n&atilde;o    fumavam, n&atilde;o tinham conhecimento de doen&ccedil;a respirat&oacute;ria    nem outra actividade ocupacional que condicionasse risco de altera&ccedil;&otilde;es    respirat&oacute;rias e negavam o uso de meios de protec&ccedil;&atilde;o das    vias a&eacute;reas. Durante o combate a inc&ecirc;ndios, 85,7% n&atilde;o usava    meios de protec&ccedil;&atilde;o das vias respirat&oacute;rias, tendo-se observado    car&ecirc;ncia deste tipo de material nas diferentes corpora&ccedil;&otilde;es.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Conclus&atilde;o:</b> Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar    elevada preval&ecirc;ncia de h&aacute;bitos tab&aacute;gicos nesta amostra de    bombeiros portugueses, baixo grau de utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o de meios de protec&ccedil;&atilde;o    das vias respirat&oacute;rias e uma preval&ecirc;ncia de obstru&ccedil;&atilde;o    br&ocirc;nquica superior &agrave; m&eacute;dia nacional de doen&ccedil;a pulmonar    obstrutiva cr&oacute;nica (DPOC). Recomendam-se medidas de cessa&ccedil;&atilde;o    tab&aacute;gica e de uso de material protector das vias respirat&oacute;rias.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Palavras-chave:</b> Fun&ccedil;&atilde;o respirat&oacute;ria,    bombeiros, fumo florestal, espirometria, padr&atilde;o obstrutivo.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b>Abstract</b></p>      <p align="justify"><b>Introduction:</b> Portugal has had a high rate of forest    fires in recent years. Inhaled wood smoke can have short- and long-term effects    on the lung function of people exposed to it.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Study objectives:</b> To assess the lung function of active    wildland (forest) firefighters.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Methods:</b> Cross-sectional study. A self-questionnaire    on personal and work habits was used and spirometry values were obtained using    Piko-6&reg; for a 209 people sample.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Results:</b> We found a high rate of smoking (42.9%) and    an 11.8% prevalence of obstruction. 41.7% of the obstructed individuals were    non-smokers, did not state a knowledge of any respiratory disease, engaged in    no other activity that could be related to lung function decrease and did not    wear airway protection apparatus. 85.7% did not use any airway protection apparatus    when firefighting due to lack of such equipment in their brigades.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Conclusions:</b> Data showed that there is a high prevalence    of smoking habits in this sample of Portuguese firefighters; there is an unsatisfactory    usage of airway protection apparatus and the prevalence of airway obstruction    is higher than the COPD prevalence in the Portuguese population. We recommend    stopping smoking and use of equipment for respiratory protection.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Key-words:</b> Lung function, firefighters, forest fire,    spirometry, obstructive pattern. </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b>Bibliografia / Bibliography</b></p>           <p>1. <a href="http://www.snbpc.pt" target="_blank">www.snbpc.pt</a></p>       <!-- ref --><p>2. Betchley C, Koenig JQ, Belle GV, Checkoway H,   Reinhardt T. Pulmonary Function and Respiratory   Symptoms in Forest Firefighters. Am J Ind Med 1997;   31:503-9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000040&pid=S0873-2159200700030000400001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>3. DGS: Circular Informativa N&ordm;43/DSA: &#8220;Riscos Associados ao fumo    produzido pelos Inc&ecirc;ndios&#8221; de Agosto/ 2003, em <a href="http://www.dgs.pt/" target="_blank">www.dgsaude.pt.</a></p>       <p>4. Large A et al. The Short-term Effects of smoke Exposure   on the Pulmonary Function of Firefighters. Chest   1990; 97: 806-9.</p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>5. Baris D, Garrity TJ, Telles L, Heineman EF, Olshan A,   and Zahm SH. Cohort Mortality Study of Philadelphia.   Am J Ind Med 2001; 39:463&plusmn;476.</p>       <p>6. Liu D, Tager IB, Balmes JR, Harrison RJ. The effect   of smoke inhalation on lung function and airway responsiveness   in wildland fire fighters. Am Rev Respir Dis   1992; 146 (6):1469-73.</p>       <p>7. Burgess JL et al. Longitudinal Decline in Measured   Firefighter Single-Breath Diffusing Capacity of Carbon   Monoxide Values &#8211; A respiratory Surveillance Dilemma;   Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159: 119-24.</p>       <p>8. Chia KS, Jeyaratnam J, Chan TB, Lim TK. Airway responsiveness   of firefighters after smoke exposure. Brit J   Ind Med 1990; 47: 524-7.</p>       <p>9. Relat&oacute;rio da Liga Portuguesa de Bombeiros Volunt&aacute;rios.   2006.</p>       <p>10. Sparrow et al. The effect of occupational exposure   on Pulmonary Function &#8211; a longitudinal evaluation of   firefighters and non-firefighters. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;   125:319-22.</p>       <p>11. Peters JM et al. Chronic effect of fire Fighting on pulmonary   function. Am J Public Health 1977; 67:626-9.</p>       <p>12. Swanney MP, Jensen RL, Crichton DA, Beckert LE,   Cardno LA, and Crapo RO. FEV6 Is an Acceptable Surrogate   for FVC in the Spirometric Diagnosis of Airway   Obstruction and Restriction. Am J Resp Crit Care Med   2000; 162: 917-9.</p>     <p>13. Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, and Fedan KB. Spirometric   Reference Values from a Sample of the General   U.S. Population. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1999;   159:179-87.</p>       <p>14. Hankinson JL, Crapo RO, and Jensen RL. Spirometric   Reference Values for the 6-s FVC Maneuver. Chest   2003; 124: 1805-11.</p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>15. Fonseca J, Costa-Pereira A, Delgado L, Silva L, Magalh&atilde;es   M, Castel-Branco M, Vaz M. Pulmonary Function   Electronic Monitoring Devices: A Randomized Agreement   Study. Chest 2005; 128: 1258-65.</p>       <p>16. Enrighy PL, Connett JE and Bailey WC. The FEV1/   FEV6 predicts lung function decline in adult smokers.   Respiratory Medicine 2002; 96:444-9.</p>       <p>17. Vandevoorde J, Verbanck S, Schuermans D, Kartounian   J, and Vincken W. FEV1/FEV6 and FEV6 as an   Alternative for FEV1/FVC and FVC in the Spirometric   Detection of Airway Obstruction and Restriction. Chest   2005; 127:1560-4.</p>        <p>18. Crapo RO, Jensen RL, Final LDS. Piko-6 Letter &#8211; Test Report; 12Julho2005;    FerrarisRespiratoryPiko6. <a href="http://www.nspirehealth.com/" target="_blank">www.ferrarisrespiratory.com</a></p>        <p>19. Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo da Obesidade em <a href="http://www.speo-obesidade.pt/CDA/HPhomepage.aspx" target="_blank">www.speo-obesidade.pt.</a></p>       <p>20. Musk AW, Peters JM, Wegman DH. Lung Function   in Fire Fighters, I: A Three Year Follow-up of Active   Subjects. Am J Public Health 1977; 67:626-9.</p>       <p>21. Nutrition &amp; Food Society, School of Biomedical and   life sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey UK.</p>       <p>22. Quanjer PH, Tammeling GJ, Cotes JE, Pedersen OF,   Peslin R, Yernault JC. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory   flows. Report working party: Standardization of lung   function testing. Eur Respir J 1993; 6: 5-40.</p>       <p>23. Murtagh E. et al. The prevalence of obstructive lung   disease in a general population sample: The NICECOPD   study. European Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 20:443-53</p>     <p>24. Quadrelli SA, Roncoroni AJ, Porcel G. Analysis of   variability in interpretation of spirometric tests. Respiration   1996; 63(3):131-6.</p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>25. Sisson JH et al. Alcohol intake is associated with altered   pulmonary function. Alcohol 2005; 36: 19-30.</p>        <p>26. DGS: Programa Nacional de Preven&ccedil;&atilde;o e Controlo da DPOC; Circular    Normativa 04/DGCG de 17/03/05, em <a href="http://www.dgs.pt/" target="_blank">www.dgsaude.pt</a></p>        <p>27. DGS: Health in Portugal Basic Indicators 2000 de Outubro de 2003. Fonte:    National Health Survey, MHNIH; 1998/99; SAP em <a href="http://www.dgs.pt/">www.dgsaude.pt.</a></p>        <p>28. Global strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic    Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung    Disease, Updated 2005; em <a href="http://www.goldcopd.org/" target="_blank">www.goldcopd.org.</a>  </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><a href="#top1">*</a><a name="1"></a> Estudo realizado no &acirc;mbito da disciplina    de Sa&uacute;de P&uacute;blica do 6.&ordm; ano da licenciatura em Medicina da    Faculdade de Ci&ecirc;ncias M&eacute;dicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. /    Study undertaken for the Public Health module, part of the 6th year of the BSc    in Medicine, Medical Sciences School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa</p>     <p><sup><a href="#top2">1</a><a name="2"></a></sup> Estudante do 6.o ano da licenciatura    em Medicina da Faculdade de Ci&ecirc;ncias M&eacute;dicas (FCM) da Universidade    Nova de Lisboa (UNL). / 6th year student, Medicine, Medical Sciences School,    Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL).</p>     <p><sup><a href="#top3">2</a><a name="3"></a></sup> Assistente do Departamento    Universit&aacute;rio de Sa&uacute;de P&uacute;blica da FCM-UNL. / Consultant,    University Public Health Unit, Medical Sciences School, UNL</p>     <p><sup><a href="#top4">3</a><a name="4"></a></sup> Professora Auxiliar Convidada    da Cl&iacute;nica Universit&aacute;ria de Pneumologia da FCM-UNL, Coordenadora    da Unidade de Fisiopatologia Respirat&oacute;ria do Hospital Pulido Valente.    / Guest Assistant Professor, University Pulmonology Unit, Medical Sciences School,    UNL, Coordinator, Respiratory Physiopathology Unit, Hospital Pulido Valente.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Recebido para publicação/received for publication: 06.08.01</p>     <p>Aceite para publicação/accepted for publication: 07.01.10</p>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betchley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koenig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Checkoway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms in Forest Firefighters.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Ind Med]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>503-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
