<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-2159</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Port Pneumol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-2159</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-21592009000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Correlação dos graus de obstrução na DPOC com lactato e teste de caminhada de seis minutos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Correlation of levels of obstruction in COPD with lactate and six-minute walk test]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dante Brasil]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto de Assis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Brasília Departamento de Clínica Médica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-21592009000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-21592009000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-21592009000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Contextualização: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC), importante causa de morbimortalidade em todo mundo, leva não só ao comprometimento pulmonar, mas também a alterações sistémicas, com repercussões sobre músculos esqueléticos e a capacidade de realizar esforços, mensurável pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6’). Objectivos: correlacionar obstrução da DPOC com lactato de repouso, frequência cardíaca de repouso, bem como com distância percorrida. Correlacionar distância percorrida com gasometria e ainda correlacionar dessaturação ao TC6’ com lactato e frequência cardíaca pós-TC6’. Método: Portadores de DPOC realizaram espirometria, gasometria e TC6’, que avaliou: distância percorrida, frequência cardíaca (FC), lactato capilar (Lct) pré e pós-TC6’, além de dessaturação ao TC6’. Resultados: Foram avaliados 91 doentes abrangendo todos os graus de obstrução. Os parâmetros pós-TC6’, como FC e Lct, aumentaram de maneira significativa com a realização do mesmo. A queda da saturação da hemoglobina ao oxigénio diante do TC6’ também foi significativa. A análise de correlação significativa mostrou-se positiva entre VEF1 e distância percorrida, negativa entre VEF1 e FC de repouso e negativa entre distância percorrida e PaCO2, sendo não significante para as demais variáveis. Conclusões: A progressão da obstrução na DPOC, bem como valores maiores de PaCO2, contribuem para a redução da distância percorrida no TC6’. O grau de obstrução na DPOC leva a alteração hemodinâmica com o aumento da frequência cardíaca de repouso destes doentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbid-mortality world wide, leading not only to pulmonary damage but also to multisystemic impairment, with repercussions on skeletal muscles and the ability to undertake effort, as measured in the six-minute walk test (6-MWT). Aims: To correlate the level of obstruction in COPD with lactate concentration and heart rate (HR) at rest, and distance walked. To correlate distance walked with blood gas analysis and correlate desaturation in 6-MWT with post 6-MWT lactate concentration and heart rate. Methods: COPD patients underwent spirometry, blood gas analysis and 6-MWT to evaluate distance walked, heart rate, capillary lactate (CL) concentration pre- and post 6-MWT, and desaturation with 6-MWT. Results: 91 patients with all levels of obstruction were evaluated. HR and CL increased significantly post 6-MWT. The decrease in peripheral saturation of haemoglobin to oxygen observed with 6-MWT was also significant. The distance walked was shorter the greater the obstruction. The correlation analysis was significantly positive between FEV1 and distance walked, negative between FEV1 and HR at rest and negative between distance walked and PaCO2, and not significant for the other variables. Conclusions: Increased obstruction in COPD and higher PaCO2 values contribute to a reduction in distance walked in 6-MWT. The level of obstruction in COPD leads to a haemodynamic impairment with increased HR at rest of these patients.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[lactato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[teste de esforço]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[dessaturação ao exercício]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lactate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exercise test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exercise desaturation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>Correlação dos graus de obstrução na DPOC com lactato e teste de caminhada  de seis minutos</b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Dante Brasil Santos<sup><a href="#1">1</a><a name="top1"></a></sup></b></p>      <p><b>Carlos Alberto de Assis Viegas <sup><a href="#2">2</a><a name="top2"></a></sup></b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Resumo</b></p>      <p align="justify"><b>Contextualização</b>: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica    (DPOC), importante causa de morbimortalidade em todo mundo, leva não só ao comprometimento    pulmonar, mas também a alterações sistémicas, com repercussões sobre músculos    esqueléticos e a capacidade de realizar esforços, mensurável pelo teste de caminhada    de seis minutos (TC6’).</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Objectivos</b>: correlacionar obstrução da DPOC com lactato    de repouso, frequência cardíaca de repouso, bem como com distância percorrida.    Correlacionar distância percorrida com gasometria e ainda correlacionar dessaturação    ao TC6’ com lactato e frequência cardíaca pós-TC6’.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Método:</b> Portadores de DPOC realizaram espirometria,    gasometria e TC6’, que avaliou: distância percorrida, frequência cardíaca (FC),    lactato capilar (Lct) pré e pós-TC6’, além de dessaturação ao TC6’.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Resultados:</b> Foram avaliados 91 doentes abrangendo todos    os graus de obstrução. Os parâmetros pós-TC6’, como FC e Lct, aumentaram de    maneira significativa com a realização do mesmo. A queda da saturação da hemoglobina    ao oxigénio diante do TC6’ também foi significativa. A análise de correlação    significativa mostrou-se positiva entre VEF<sub>1</sub> e distância percorrida,    negativa entre VEF<sub>1</sub> e FC de repouso e negativa entre distância percorrida    e PaCO<sub>2</sub>, sendo não significante para as demais variáveis.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><b>Conclusões:</b> A progressão da obstrução na DPOC, bem como    valores maiores de PaCO<sub>2</sub>, contribuem para a redução da distância    percorrida no TC6’. O grau de obstrução na DPOC leva a alteração hemodinâmica    com o aumento da frequência cardíaca de repouso destes doentes.</p>      <p><b>Palavras-chave</b>: Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica, lactato, teste de esforço, dessaturação ao exercício.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Correlation of levels of obstruction in COPD with lactate and six-minute walk test</b></p>      <p><b>Abstract</b></p>      <p align="justify">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause    of morbid-mortality world wide, leading not only to pulmonary damage but also    to multisystemic impairment, with repercussions on skeletal muscles and the    ability to undertake effort, as measured in the six-minute walk test (6-MWT).</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Aims</b>: To correlate the level of obstruction in COPD    with lactate concentration and heart rate (HR) at rest, and distance walked.    To correlate distance walked with blood gas analysis and correlate desaturation    in 6-MWT with post 6-MWT lactate concentration and heart rate.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Methods</b>: COPD patients underwent spirometry, blood gas    analysis and 6-MWT to evaluate distance walked, heart rate, capillary lactate    (CL) concentration pre– and post 6-MWT, and desaturation with 6-MWT.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Results</b>: 91 patients with all levels of obstruction    were evaluated. HR and CL increased significantly post 6-MWT. The decrease in    peripheral saturation of haemoglobin to oxygen observed with 6-MWT was also    significant. The distance walked was shorter the greater the obstruction. The    correlation analysis was significantly positive between FEV<sub>1</sub> and    distance walked, negative between FEV<sub>1</sub> and HR at rest and negative    between distance walked and PaCO<sub>2</sub>, and not significant for the other    variables.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Conclusions</b>: Increased obstruction in COPD and higher    PaCO<sub>2</sub> values contribute to a reduction in distance walked in 6-MWT.    The level of obstruction in COPD leads to a haemodynamic impairment with increased    HR at rest of these patients.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b>Key-words</b>: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lactate, exercise test,  exercise desaturation.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Bibliografia / Bibliography</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>1. Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, <i>et al. </i>The body–mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease. NEJM 2004; 350(10):1005-12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000029&pid=S0873-2159200900010000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>2. Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PMA, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1256-76.</p>      <p>3. Agustí AGN, Noguera A, Sauleda J, Sala E, Pons J, Busquets X.  Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2003; 21:347-60.</p>      <p>4. Faucher M, Steinberg JG, Barbier D, Hug F, Jammes Y. Influence of chronic hypoxemia on peripheral muscle dysfunction and oxidative stress in humans. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2004; 24:75-84.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>5. Gosker HR, van Maneren H, van Dijk PJ, Engelen MPKJ, van der Vusse GJ, Wouters EFM, <i>et al. </i>Skeletal muscle fibre -type shifting and metabolic profile in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2002; 19:617-25.</p>      <p>6. Allaire J, Maltais F, Doyon J -F, Noel M, LeBlanc P, Carrier G, <i>et al. </i>Peripheral muscle endurance and the oxidative profile of the quadriceps in patients with COPD. Thorax 2004; 59:673-8.</p>      <p>7. ATS, ERS. Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159 4(2):510-40.</p>      <p>8. Engelen MPKJ, Schols AMWJ, Does JD, Deutz NEP, Wouters EFM. Altered glutamate metabolism is associated with reduced muscle glutathione levels in patients with emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:98-103.</p>      <p>9. Engelen MPKJ, Schols AMWJ, Does JD, Gosker HR, Deuts NEP, Wouters EFM. Exercise-induced lactate increase in relation to muscle substrates in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162:1697-704.</p>      <p>10. Couillard A, Maltais F, Saey D, Debigaré R, Michaud A, Koechlin C, <i>et al></i>. Exercise-induced quadriceps oxidative stress and peripheral muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167:1664-9.</p>      <p>11. Richardson RS, Sheldon J, Poole DC, Hopkins SR, Ries AL, Wagner PD. Evidence of skeletal muscle metabolic reserve during whole body exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir  Crit Care Med 1999; 159:881-5.</p>      <p>12. ATS Statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166-111-7.</p>       <p>13. Poulain M, Durand F, Palomba B, Ceugniet F, Desplan J, Varray A, <i>et al. </i>6-minute walk testing is more sensitive than maximal incremental cycle testing for detecting oxygen desaturation in patients with COPD. Chest 2003; 123:1401-7.</p>      <p>14. Bittner V, Weiner DH, Yusuf S, Rogers WJ, McIntyre >KM, Bangdiwala, SI, <i>et al. </i>Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6 minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. JAMA 1993; 270(14):1702-7.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>15. Carter R, Holiday DB, Nwasuruba C, Stocks J, Grothues C , Tiep B,  <i>et al. </i>Six minute walk work for assessment of functional capacity in patients with COPD. Chest 2003; 123:1408-15.</p>      <p>16. Maltais F, Simard AA, Simard C, J Jobin, P Desgagnes, P LeBlanc. Oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle and lactic acid kinetics during exercise in normal subjects and in patients with COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:288-93.</p>      <p>17. Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia. Oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP). J Pneumol 2000;26 (6):341-9.</p>      <p>18. Souza GF. Produção de acidose lática durante teste de exercício com membros superiores sem apoio em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Tese de mestrado. UNIFESP-SP, 2002.</p>      <p>19. Celli BR. The importance of spirometry in COPD and asthma – effect on approach to management. Chest 2000; 117:15S-19S.</p>      <p>20. Wasserman K, Beaver WL, Davis JA, Pu, JZ, Heber D, Whipp BJ. Lactate, pyruvate and lactate-to–pyruvate ratio during exercise and recovery. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59(3):935-40.</p>      <p>21. Engelen MPKJ, Casaburi R, Rucker R, Carithers E. Contribution of respiratory muscles to the lactic acidosis of heavy exercise in COPD. Chest 1995; 108:1246-51.</p>      <p>22. Maltais F, Jobin J, Sullivan MJ, Bernard S, Whittom F, Kieran J, <i>et al. </i>Metabolic and hemodynamic responses of lower limb during exercise in patients with COPD. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84(5):1573-80.</p>      <p>23. Toffaletti JG. Blood lactate: biochemistry, laboratory methods and clinical interpretation. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1991; 28(4):253-68.</p>      <p>24. Saey D, Michaud A, Couillard A, Côté CH, Mador MJ, LeBlanc P, <i>et al. </i>Contractile fatigue, muscle morphometry, and blood lactate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:1109-15.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>25. Williams JR, Armstrong N, Kirby BJ. The influence of site sampling and assay medium upon the measurement and interpretation of blood lactate responses to exercise. J Sports Sci 1992; 10:95-107.</p>      <p>26. Holloszy JO, Coyle EF. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences. J Appl Physiol 1984; 56(4):831-8.</p>      <p>27. Casaburi R, Patessio A, Ioli F, Zanaboni S, Donner CF, Wasserman K. Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143:9-18.</p>      <p>28. Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY. Principles of exercise testing &amp; interpretation. Baltimore; Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 1999.</p>      <p>29. Engelen MPKJ, Wouters EFM, Deutz NEP, Does JD, Schols AMWJ. Effects of exercise on amino acid metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:859-64.</p>      <p>30. Malthay RA. Clínicas médicas da América do Norte – doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas. Rio de Janeiro; Ed Interamericana, 1981.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><sup><a href="#top1">1</a><a name="1"></a></sup> Fisioterapeuta do Hospital    Universitário de Brasília da Universidade de Brasília (HUB/UnB) / <i>Physiotherapist,    Hospital Universitário de Brasília da Universidade de Brasília (HUB/UnB)</i></p>      <p><sup><a href="#top2">2</a><a name="2"></a></sup> Professor Adjunto IV da Universidade    de Brasília – Departamento de Clínica Médica – Universidade de Brasília / <i>Assistant    Professor IV, Universidade de Brasília,Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade    de Brasília</i></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Trabalho realizado no Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital Universitário de  Brasília da Universidade de Brasília (HUB-UnB) / <i>Work undertaken at the Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília (HUB-UnB).</i></p>     <p>Directora do Serviço de Pneumologia do HUB-UnB / <i>Head, Pulmonology Unit HUB-UnB:</i>  MD Verônica Amado</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Endereço para correspondência / Correspondence to:</b></p>     <p>SQN 206 BLOCO J APT 503. CEP: 70844-100 – Brasília-DF – Brasil</p>     <p>Telefone: 061-32452503</p>     <p><i>E-mail:</i> <a href="mailto:dante@unb.br">dante@unb.br</a></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Recebido para publicação/<i>received for publication:</i> 08.07.22</p>     <p>Aceite para publicação/<i>accepted for publication:</i> 08.09.17</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NEJM]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>350</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1005-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
