<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-3015</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mill]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-3015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico de Viseu (IPV)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-30152020000200097</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29352/mill0212.09.00270</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Assessing the failure in transfer of passive immunity in beef calves: two case reports.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Avaliação da falha de transferência de imunidade passiva em vitelos de carne: dois casos clínicos.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación del fallo de transferencia de inmunidad pasiva en becerros de carne: dos casos clínicos.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina Balao]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rute]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helga]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Portalegre ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,VALORIZA - Research Centre for Endogenous Resources Valorization  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Portalegre ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Évora  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Évora ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Oeiras ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>12</numero>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>103</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-30152020000200097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-30152020000200097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-30152020000200097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Failure in Transfer of Passive Immunity (FTPI) is a condition that occurs frequently in the bovine species when inadequate ingestion or absorption of enough good-quality colostrum takes place. In bovine kept in extensive conditions, FTPI diagnosis is usually made by complete physical examination, with not enough time for laboratory analysis, and treatment is based on the administration of colostrum replacement products or transfusion.  Objectives:  To evaluate the transfer of passive immunity in meat calves kept in extensive conditions.  Methods:  We hereby describe two case reports of calves presenting clinical signs compatible with FTPI and their biochemical analysis, including IgG determination by an ELISA test.  Results:  The results indicated that both calves presented a very low serum IgG concentration (calf 1: 0.7mg/ml and calf 2: 1mg/ml), confirming FTPI. The animals were treated with a plasma transfusion from a crossbreed cow. At 24 hours after the plasma transfusion, serum IgG concentration raised slightly on both animals, but after 48 hours serum IgG reduced to a concentration similar to the pre-transfusion values.  Conclusions:  We conclude that plasma transfusion can be an effective treatment for FTPI in clinical cases in extensive conditions but it has to be monitored assuring that serum IgG concentration reaches normal values. Immunological status of donors should be assessed before plasma collection and transfer.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A Falha de Transferência de Imunidade Passiva (FTIP) é uma condição que ocorre frequentemente na espécie bovina após ingestão ou absorção inadequada de quantidades suficientes de colostro de qualidade adequada. Em bovinos mantidos em extensivo, o diagnóstico é habitualmente realizado através de um exame clínico completo, não existindo tempo suficiente para uma análise laboratorial, e o tratamento é baseado na administração de substitutos de colostro ou transfusão.  Objetivos: Avaliar a transferência de imunidade passiva em vitelos de carne em cultivo extensivo.  Métodos: No presente trabalho descrevem-se dois casos clínicos de vitelos com sinais clínicos compatíveis com FTIP, assim como a sua análise bioquímica, incluindo determinação de igg através de um teste ELISA.  Resultados:  Ambos os vitelos apresentavam uma concentração sérica muito baixa de igg (vitelo 1: 0.7mg/ml e vitelo 2: 1mg/ml), confirmando a FTIP. Os animais foram tratados com uma transfusão de plasma de uma vaca cruzada. Após 24 horas da transfusão de plasma, a concentração de igg aumentou ligeiramente em ambos os animais, mas após 48 horas da transfusão a concentração reduziu para valores semelhantes aos verificados antes do tratamento.  Conclusões:  A transfusão de plasma pode ser um tratamento eficaz para a FTIP de casos clínicos em condições de extensivo, mas esta terá de ser monitorizada garantindo que a concentração sérica de igg atinge valores adequados. O estado imunitário das dadoras deve ser avaliado antes da colheita e transfusão de plasma.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  El Fallo de Transferencia de Inmunidad Pasiva (FTIP) es una condición que ocurre frecuentemente en la especie bovina, después de la inadecuada ingestión o absorción de calostro de calidad adecuada. En bovinos mantenidos en extensivo, el diagnóstico de FTIP es frecuentemente realizado con un examen físico completo, sin tiempo suficiente para realizar un análisis de laboratorio, y el tratamiento se basa en la administración de sustitutos de calostro o transfusión.  Objetivos:  Evaluar la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva en terneros de carne.  Métodos:  En este trabajo se describen dos casos clínicos de becerros con signos clínicos compatibles con FTIP y sus análisis bioquímicos, incluyendo determinación de IgG con un test ELISA.  Resultados:  Los resultados indicaron que los dos becerros presentaban una concentración sérica muy baja de IgG (vitelo 1: 0.7mg/mL y vitelo 2: 1mg/mL), confirmando FTIP. Los animales fueron tratados con una transfusión de plasma de una vaca cruzada. Tras 24 horas de la transfusión de plasma, la concentración de IgG incrementó ligeramente en ambos animales, pero tras 48 horas de la transfusión la concentración se redujo para valores semejantes a los verificados antes del tratamiento.  Conclusiones:  La transfusión de plasma puede ser un tratamiento eficaz para la FTIP de casos clínicos en condiciones de extensivo, pero tendrá de ser monitorizada garantizando que la concentración sérica de IgG alcanza valores adecuados. El estadio inmunitario de las donantes debe ser evaluado antes de la recogida y transfusión de plasma.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[failure in transfer of passive immunity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bovine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immunoglobulin G]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[falha de transferência de imunidade passiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[bovinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[imunoglobulina G]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fallo de transferencia de inmunidad pasiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bovinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunoglobulina G]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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