<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-3015</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mill]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-3015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico de Viseu (IPV)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-30152020000500063</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29352/mill0206e.06.00315</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Avaliação do ciclo de vida - resenha histórica e perspetiva futura]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Life cycle assessment - historical review and future perspective]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación del ciclo de vida - revisión histórica y perspectiva futura]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Idalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico de Viseu Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Viseu ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Viseu ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>esp6</numero>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-30152020000500063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-30152020000500063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-30152020000500063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  Este artigo apresenta uma resenha histórica e perspetiva futura da avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV), como ferramenta de avaliação ambiental dos produtos. Os primeiros estudos ACV, designados REPA (Resourse and Environmental Profile Analysis), foram realizados nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) no início da década de 70 do século passado e tiveram como principal motivação os aspetos relacionados com as implicações ambientais e o consumo de recursos utilizados na produção das embalagens. Só em meados dos anos 80 é que estes estudos começaram a ser realizados na Europa através do Laboratório Federal Suíço para Teste e Investigação de Materiais (EMPA).  Desenvolvimento: Na década de 90 houve um notável crescimento das atividades ACV na Europa e nos EUA, nomeadamente ao nível da harmonização dos métodos ACV e das atividades de normalização levadas a cabo, respetivamente, pela SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) e ISO (International Organization for Standardization). A partir do ano 2000 foram inúmeras as organizações internacionais e regionais criadas, com o objetivo de melhorar a credibilidade, aceitação e prática da ACV assim como foram muitas as ferramentas informáticas (software e bases de dados) desenvolvidas de apoio aos estudos ACV.  Conclusões:  Um dos principais desafios futuros da ACV é a sua maior integração com as outras abordagens de ciclo de vida, que entretanto foram aparecendo, à medida que os estudos ACV iam sendo cada vez mais bem elaborados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  This article presents a historical review and future perspective of life cycle assessment (LCA), as a tool for environmental assessment of products. The first LCA studies, called REPA (Resource and Environmental Profile Analysis), were carried out in the United States of America (USA) in the early 70s of the last century and had as main motivation the aspects related to the environmental implications and the consumption of resources used in the packaging production. It was not until the mid-1980s that these studies began to be carried out in Europe through the Swiss Federal Laboratory for Testing and Investigating Materials (EMPA).  Development:  In the 90's there was a notable growth in LCA activities in Europe and the USA, namely in terms of harmonization of LCA methods and standardization activities carried out, respectively, by SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization). As of the year 2000, countless international and regional organizations were created, with the objective of improving the credibility; acceptance and practice of LCA, as well as many computer tools (software and databases) were developed to support LCA studies.  Conclusions:  One of the main future challenges for LCA is its greater integration with other life cycle approaches, which have been emerged, as LCA studies have been increasingly well developed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Este artículo es el resultado de una revisión histórica y la perspectiva futura de la evaluación del ciclo de vida (ECV), como una herramienta para la evaluación ambiental de los productos. Los primeros estudios de ECV, llamados REPA (Resourse and Environmental Profile Analysis), se llevaron a cabo en los Estados Unidos de América (EUA) A principios de los años 70 del siglo pasado y tuvieron como principal motivación los aspectos relacionados con las implicaciones ambientales y el consumo de recursos utilizados en la producción de envases. No fue hasta mediados de la década de 1980 que estos estudios comenzó a llevarse a cabo en Europa a través del Laboratorio Federal Suizo de Ensayos e Investigación de Materiales (EMPA).  Desarrollo:  En los años 90 hubo un notable crecimiento en las actividades de ECV en Europa y EUA, En particular en términos de armonización de métodos de ECV y actividades de estandarización llevadas a cabo, respectivamente, por SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) e ISO (International Organization for Standardization). A partir del año 2000, se crearon innumerables organizaciones internacionales y regionales, con el objetivo de mejorar la credibilidad, la aceptación y la práctica de LCA, así como muchas herramientas informáticas (software y bases de datos) desarrolladas para apoyar los estudios de LCA.  Conclusiones:  Uno de los principales desafíos futuros para LCA es su mayor integración con otros enfoques del ciclo de vida, que han surgido desde entonces, a medida que los estudios de LCA se han desarrollado cada vez más.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[avaliação do ciclo de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[análise do ciclo de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ambiente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[recursos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[energia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[life cycle assessment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[life cycle analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[resources]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evaluación del ciclo de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis del ciclo de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medio ambiente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recursos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[energía]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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