<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-3015</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mill]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-3015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico de Viseu (IPV)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-30152025000300201</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29352/mill0228.41505</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cultural adaptation and content validation of the RAC (Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon) adult infection risk assessment scale for Portuguese from Portugal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo da escala de avaliação do risco de infeção em utentes adultos RAC (Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañón) para Português de Portugal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Adaptación cultural y validación del contenido de la escala de evaluación del riesgo de infección en adultos RAC (Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañón) para Portugueses en Portugal]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paiva-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Filipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todo Bom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6 "/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Af7"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dixe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria dos Anjos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde do Oeste  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caldas da Rainha ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico de Leiria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Leiria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,E - Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde da Região de Leiria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Leiria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comprehensive Health Research Centre  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Évora ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Leiria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>28</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-30152025000300201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-30152025000300201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-30152025000300201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) have been a concern in the healthcare field due to their impact on public health. Therefore, risk stratification of hospitalized populations, using validated instruments, is essential for implementing effective measures to prevent HAIs.  Objective:  Aimed to culturally adapt the RAC Infection Risk Assessment Scale (Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon) for adult patients. This article describes the following steps: preparation, preliminary translation, back-translation, review of the back-translation, and content validation through a panel of experts.  Methods:  After translating and back-translating the scale using bilingual translators, content validation was carried out through a Delphi panel involving 11 experts in the field of HAIs, of both sexes, with clinical experience and/or previous involvement in infection prevention and control research. The items of the RAC scale were evaluated for clarity, theoretical relevance, and practical pertinence. La validez de contenido se determinó mediante el índice de validez de contenido.  Results:  Based on the feedback from the experts, there was consensus to retain the 15 assessment items, grouped into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The Portuguese (Portugal) version of the scale achieved a 95% agreement level.  Conclusion:  The RAC scale proved to be valid in terms of content. The use of infection risk assessment instruments is essential for infection prevention, contributing to improved quality of care and guiding healthcare professionals&#8217; interventions. To ensure the validity of the scale, a psychometric validation will also be conducted.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  As Infeções Associadas aos Cuidados de Saúde (IACS) têm sido uma preocupação na área da saúde, pelos prejuízos para a saúde pública. Pelo que, a estratificação do risco da população hospitalizada, através de instrumentos validados, é essencial para implementação de medidas eficazes na prevenção das IACS.  Objetivo:  Adaptar culturalmente a Escala de Avaliação do Risco de Infeção em Utentes Adultos RAC (Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon). Neste artigo descrevem-se as seguintes etapas: preparação, tradução prévia, retrotradução, revisão da retrotradução e validação de conteúdo, através de um painel de peritos.  Métodos:  Após a tradução e retrotradução da escala recorrendo a tradutores bilingues, foi realizada uma validação de conteúdo, através de um painel de Delphi, onde participaram 11 peritos na área das IACS, de ambos os sexos, com experiência clínica e/ou envolvimento prévio em investigação na área da prevenção e controlo de infeções. Os itens da escala RAC foram avaliados relativamente à sua clareza, relevância teórica e pertinência prática. A validade de conteúdo foi determinada, através do índice de validade de conteúdo.  Resultados:  Da auscultação dos peritos, foi consensual manter os 15 itens de avaliação, agrupados em fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos, obtendo um nível de concordância da escala, traduzida para português de Portugal, de 95%.  Conclusão:  A escala RAC mostrou-se válida em termos de conteúdo, sendo que a utilização de instrumentos de avaliação do risco de infeção é essencial para a prevenção da mesma, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados e direcionando as intervenções da equipa de profissionais de saúde. Para assegurar a validade da escala, será ainda realizada a respetiva validação psicométrica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención Sanitaria (IAAS) han sido una preocupación en el ámbito de la salud debido a su impacto en la salud pública. Por ello, la estratificación del riesgo de las poblaciones hospitalizadas, mediante instrumentos validados, es esencial para implementar medidas eficaces en la prevención de las IAAS.  Objetivo:  adaptar culturalmente la Escala de Evaluación del Riesgo de Infección RAC (Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon) para pacientes adultos. En este artículo se describen las siguientes etapas: preparación, traducción preliminar, retrotraducción, revisión de la retrotraducción y validación de contenido utilizando el índice de validez de contenido.  Métodos:  Tras la traducción y retrotraducción de la escala por traductores bilingües, se llevó a cabo una validación de contenido mediante un panel Delphi con la participación de 11 expertos en el ámbito de las IAAS, de ambos sexos, con experiencia clínica y/o participación previa en investigaciones sobre prevención y control de infecciones. Los ítems de la escala RAC fueron evaluados en cuanto a su claridad, relevancia teórica y pertinencia práctica. La validez de contenido se determinó a partir del nivel de concordancia entre los expertos.  Resultados:  Según la retroalimentación de los expertos, se consensuó mantener los 15 ítems de evaluación, agrupados en factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos. La versión portuguesa (de Portugal) de la escala alcanzó un nivel de concordancia del 95%.  Conclusión:  La escala RAC demostró ser válida en términos de contenido. El uso de instrumentos para la evaluación del riesgo de infección es esencial para su prevención, contribuyendo a la mejora de la calidad asistencial y orientando las intervenciones de los profesionales de salud. Para asegurar la validez de la escala, también se llevará a cabo su validación psicométrica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk measurement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hospital-acquired infection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infection control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[validation study]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[medição de risco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[infeção hospitalar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[controle de infeções]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estudo de validação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medición del riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infección nosocomial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control de infecciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudio de validación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Escala de avaliação do risco de infecção no adulto hospitalizado: Desenvolvimento e validação]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UFRGS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bombardier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillemin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>3186-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Healthcare-associated infections - a threat to patient safety in Europe]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Overview of nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative bacilli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Infectious Diseases]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>848-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jünger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radbruch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brearley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) in palliative care: Recommendations based on a methodological systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palliative Medicine]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>684-706</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehboob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nosocomial infections: Epidemiology, prevention, control and surveillance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>478-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lynn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination and quantification of content validity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nursing Research]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>382-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salkind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Encyclopedia of research design]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE Publications, Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMillan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tully]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>655-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monegro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muppidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regunath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hospital-acquired infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[StatPearls]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ordem dos Enfermeiros</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Padrões de qualidade dos cuidados especializados em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The content validity index: Are you sure you know what&#8217;s being reported? critique and recommendations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research in Nursing &amp; Health]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>489-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research in Nursing &amp; Health]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>459-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Acelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scale for measurement of healthcare-associated infection risk in adult patients: Development and content validation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cuidarte]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Acelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañon-Montañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. de A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Escala para a medição do risco de infecção associada à assistência à saúde em pacientes adultos: Desenvolvimento e validação de conteúdo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cuidarte]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Acelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañon-Montañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. de A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. de A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scale for measurement of healthcare-associated infection risk in adult patients: Development and content validation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cuidarte]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Acelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Abreu Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañon-Montañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for health care-associated infection in hospitalized adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Infection Control]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>e149-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Acelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Abreu Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmarczek Figueiredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro Mantovani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattiello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañon-Montañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validity and reliability of the RAC adult infection risk scale: A new instrument to measure healthcare-associated infection risk]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research in Nursing &amp; Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>672-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Acelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López de Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yampuezán Getial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Abreu Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañon-Montañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptación transcultural para Colombia y validez de contenido de la escala RAC de evaluación del riesgo de infección en el adulto hospitalizado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cuidarte]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>1-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Acelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López De Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yampuezán Getial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Abreu Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañon-Montañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptación transcultural para Colombia y validez de contenido de la escala RAC de evaluación del riesgo de infección en el adulto hospitalizado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cuidarte]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenthal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Safdar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reduction in nosocomial infection with improved hand hygiene in intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Infection Control]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>392-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siracusa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scuri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grappasonni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Healthcare acquired infections: Malpractice and litigation issues]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annali Di Igiene Medicina Preventiva e Di Comunità]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>496-506</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>The World Medical Association</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trindade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurgel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reppold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Processo de construção e busca de evidências de validade de conteúdo da equalis-OAS]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Avaliação Psicológica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>271-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walraven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musselman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Surgical Site Infection Risk Score (SSIRS): A Model to Predict the Risk of Surgical Site Infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS One]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitehead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What can be done about inequalities in health?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>338</volume>
<page-range>1059-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Quality of care: Patient safety: Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly Provisional]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Report on the Burden of Endemic Health Care-Associated Infection Worldwide]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Minimum requirements for infection prevention and control programmes]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yusoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ABC of Content Validation and Content Validity Index Calculation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Education in Medicine Journal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>49-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hegedus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gesztelyi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bombicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muresan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zrinyi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Micle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent Advances in Investigation, Prevention, and Management of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioMed Research International]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>2019</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
