<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-3015</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mill]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-3015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico de Viseu (IPV)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-30152026000100201</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29352/mill0229.43395</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Clinical skills of undergraduate nursing students in clinical training]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Competências clínicas dos estudantes de licenciatura em enfermagem nos ensinos clínicos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Competencias clínicas de los estudiantes de licenciatura en enfermería en la formación clínica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Lusófona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Escola Superior de Enfermagem ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>29</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-30152026000100201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-30152026000100201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-30152026000100201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: The training of students in a clinical context plays a decisive role in consolidating their skills. It is essential to identify and assess skills throughout the teaching process in order to improve the teaching/learning process and, in conjunction with this, healthcare.  Objective: To assess clinical competencies in undergraduate nursing students and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables on these competencies.  Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory study aimed at evaluating the clinical competence of nursing students in a clinical education context. The Clinical Competence Questionnaire (CCQ) was applied, a validated instrument adapted to the Portuguese population, which allows the measurement of levels of clinical competence across multiple dimensions fundamental to professional practice. The sample consisted of 251 undergraduate nursing students from three Nursing Schools in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley region, belonging to both the public and private sectors. The study received favorable approval from the Ethics Committees of the participating institutions.  Results: The results suggest that nursing students demonstrate higher competence in professional behaviors and overall performance, whereas core and advanced competencies show lower scores, particularly in more specific technical procedures.  Conclusion: This study highlights a pattern of progression in the development of clinical competencies throughout academic training, while also identifying limitations related to the organization of clinical education and pedagogical strategies in Nursing.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A formação dos estudantes em contexto clínico assume um papel determinante na consolidação das suas competências, sendo essencial identificar e avaliar as competências ao longo do ensino de forma a melhorar o processo formativo de ensino/aprendizagem e, em articulação, os cuidados de saúde.  Objetivo:  Avaliar as competências clínicas em estudantes de licenciatura em enfermagem e analisar a influência das variáveis sociodemográficas sobre essas competências.  Métodos:  Estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritivo e exploratório, cujo objetivo é avaliar a competência clínica de estudantes de enfermagem em contexto de ensino clínico. Foi aplicado o Clinical Competence Questionnaire (CCQ), instrumento validado e adaptado à população portuguesa, que permite medir os níveis de competência clínica em múltiplas dimensões fundamentais à prática profissional. A amostra foi constituída por 251 estudantes da licenciatura em enfermagem, provenientes de três Escolas de Enfermagem da região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, integradas nos setores público e privado. O estudo obteve parecer favorável das Comissões de Ética das instituições envolvidas.  Resultados:  Os resultados sugerem que os estudantes de enfermagem apresentam maior competência nos comportamentos profissionais e no desempenho geral, enquanto as competências nucleares e avançadas registam valores mais baixos, especialmente em procedimentos técnicos mais específicos.  Conclusão:  Este estudo evidencia um padrão de evolução no desenvolvimento das competências clínicas ao longo da formação académica, com limitações para a organização dos ensinos clínicos e para as estratégias pedagógicas em enfermagem.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La formación de los estudiantes en el contexto clínico desempeña un papel determinante en la consolidación de sus competencias, por lo que es esencial identificar y evaluar dichas competencias a lo largo de la enseñanza con el fin de mejorar el proceso formativo de enseñanza/aprendizaje y, en consecuencia, la atención sanitaria.  Objetivo: Evaluar las competencias clínicas en estudiantes de grado en enfermería y analizar la influencia de las variables sociodemográficas sobre dichas competencias.  Métodos: Estudio de carácter cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, cuyo objetivo es evaluar la competencia clínica de estudiantes de enfermería en un contexto de enseñanza clínica. Se aplicó el Clinical Competence Questionnaire (CCQ), un instrumento validado y adaptado a la población portuguesa, que permite medir los niveles de competencia clínica en múltiples dimensiones fundamentales para la práctica profesional. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 251 estudiantes del grado en Enfermería, procedentes de tres Escuelas de Enfermería de la región de Lisboa y Valle del Tajo, pertenecientes a los sectores público y privado. El estudio obtuvo la aprobación favorable de los Comités de Ética de las instituciones participantes.  Resultados: Los resultados sugieren que los estudiantes de Enfermería presentan una mayor competencia en los comportamientos profesionales y en el desempeño general, mientras que las competencias nucleares y avanzadas muestran valores más bajos, especialmente en procedimientos técnicos más específicos.  Conclusión: Este estudio pone de manifiesto un patrón de evolución en el desarrollo de las competencias clínicas a lo largo de la formación académica, así como limitaciones relacionadas con la organización de las prácticas clínicas y las estrategias pedagógicas en enfermería.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nursing students]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clinical competence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clinical education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nursing education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estudantes de enfermagem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[competência clínica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ensino clínico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[educação em enfermagem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudiantes de enfermería]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[competencia clínica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación clínica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación en enfermería]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albendín-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suleiman-Martos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguayo-Estremera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Béjar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañadas-De la Fuente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Explanatory models of burnout diagnosis based on personality factors in primary care nurses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>6479</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albloushi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Innab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almarwani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alqahtani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anazi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzahrani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of internship year on nursing students&#8217; perceived clinical competence: A multi-site study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SAGE Open]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berndtsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlborg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pennbrant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Work-integrated learning as a pedagogical tool to integrate theory and practice in nursing education: An integrative literature review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurse Education in Practice]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>42</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of simulation-based learning in undergraduate nurse education: An umbrella systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurse Education Today]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>17-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rolim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albuquerque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health systems and nursing competencies in Portugal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science &amp; Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>261-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors influencing problem-solving competence of nursing students: A cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Healthcare]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>1184</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Currie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grootemaat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finnegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halcomb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A scoping review of clinical skill development of preregistration registered nurses in Australia and five other English-speaking countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Nursing]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>283-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foronda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez-Burgos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Virtual simulation in nursing education: A systematic review spanning 1996 to 2018]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Simulation in Healthcare]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>46-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Immonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oikarainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomietto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kääriäinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuomikoski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaucic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filej]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riklikiene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vizcaya-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Cañaveras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raeve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikkonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of nursing students' competence in clinical practice: A systematic review of reviews]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Nursing Studies]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>100</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Personal factors and clinical learning environment as predictors of nursing students&#8217; readiness for practice: A structural equation modeling analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Nursing Research]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>17</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lennon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Day]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recognizing moral injury: Toward legal intervention for physician burnout]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hastings Center Report]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>19-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.-P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance competence of pregraduate nursing students and hospital nurses: A comparison study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Nursing]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>3407-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing and validating the Clinical Competence Questionnaire: A self-assessment instrument for upcoming baccalaureate nursing graduates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Nursing Education and Practice]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>56-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luukkonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuivila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaarlela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koskenranta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaucic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riklikiene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vizcaya-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Cañaveras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filej]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oikarainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kääriäinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikkonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mentors&#8217; cultural competence at mentoring culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students in clinical practice: An international cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurse Education in Practice]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>70</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahboob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deliberations on the contemporary assessment system: A narrative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Professions Educator Journal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>66-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palomares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sguanci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmisano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gazineo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anastasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cangelosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relational skills of nephrology and dialysis nurses in clinical care settings: A scoping review and stakeholder consultation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurse Education in Practice]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>82</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[David]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Final-year nursing students' perceptions of clinical decision-making]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journal of Nursing]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>74</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cultural adaptation of the clinical competencies questionnaire of a methodological and quantitative nature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ordem dos Enfermeiros</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guidance for students in the Nursing Degree programs (Regulamento n. º 52/2017)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papathanasiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleisiaris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fradelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kakou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kourkouta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical thinking: The development of an essential skill for nursing students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Informatica Medica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>283-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peddle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bearman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nestel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of non-technical skills through virtual patients for undergraduate nursing students: An exploratory study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurse Education Today]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>94-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Cañaveras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Juan Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Concept of gender, yesterday, today and tomorrow: A look from biology and health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>6257</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reeve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender differences in self-efficacy, competency, and clinical confidence among nursing students: A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurse Education Today]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>103</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calleja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring the role and skill requirements of registered nurses working in rural and remote areas: A scoping review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Nursing]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Said]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Shafei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occupational stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave: Nurses working on front lines during COVID-19 pandemic in Zagazig City, Egypt]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Science and Pollution Research]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>28</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheckel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deininger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grohnert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wirth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supplementary orthopaedic screening for children and adolescents to prevent permanent skeletal deformities: Protocol for the &#8220;OrthoKids&#8221; study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>24</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K. D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M. D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of simulation on stress, anxiety, and self-confidence in nursing students: Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Nursing Studies]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>133</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uncu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Günes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The importance of moral sensitivity in nursing education: A comparative study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nursing Forum]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>49-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valizadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamanzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Namadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alizadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nursing Grand Rounds: An integrative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical-Surgical Nursing Journal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. K. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychomotor, administrative skills and self-reported safety of nursing students: Cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>18</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perceptions and learning experiences of nursing students receiving peer video and peer verbal feedback: A qualitative study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Assessment &amp; Evaluation in Higher Education]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>1264-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zyoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamdan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkouri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Sutari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Tarifi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkaid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaheen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problem-solving and communication skills of undergraduate nursing students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Open Nursing Journal]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>16</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
