<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-6529</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Sociologia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-6529</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Mundos Sociais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-65292004000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Representações sociais da Matemática: A bela ou o monstro?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The social representations of mathematics: beauty or the beast?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Représentations sociales des mathématiques: la belle ou la bête?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Representaciones sociales de las matemáticas: &iquestla bella o la bestia?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Madalena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISCTE - Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa Departamento de Métodos Quantitativos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>46</numero>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>90</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-65292004000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-65292004000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-65292004000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Quer seja nos meios de comunicação social, quer seja em conversas ouvidas entre amigos, todos os dias deparamos com referências à matemática, em particular ao insucesso escolar que aí se regista e à "aversão" que um conjunto bastante vasto de pessoas sente por ela. Na tentativa de perceber como se constrói esta valorização negativa da disciplina surge como imperioso o conhecimento das representações sociais da matemática. Um inquérito por questionário, aplicado a uma amostra de alunos do 9.º ano do concelho de Lisboa, permitiu concluir que aquilo que mais sobressai na sua relação com a matemática é o sentimento de insegurança face ao seu elevado nível de dificuldade, que coexiste com o reconhecimento da sua importância e utilidade.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Every day, in the media or in conversations among friends, we come across references to mathematics and, in particular, to the failure in school associated with it and the "aversion" that a fairly large number of people feel towards it. For any attempt to understand how this negative assessment of the subject has built up, knowledge of the social representations of mathematics appears indispensable. From a questionnaire survey among a sample of 9th grade pupils in the municipality of Lisbon it was possible to conclude that the salient characteristic of their relationship with mathematics is that a sense of insecurity arising from the difficulty of the subject coexists with a recognition of its importance and usefulness.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Que ce soit dans les médias ou dans les conversations entre amis, les mathématiques reviennent souvent à l’ordre du jour, en particulier pour évoquer de l’échec scolaire ou bien l’aversion qu’un nombre de personnes éprouvent pour cette matière. Afin de comprendre comment se construit cette perception négative des mathématiques, il est essentiel d’en connaître les représentations sociales. Une enquête par questionnaire menée à Lisbonne, auprès d’un échantillon d’élèves en 9 ème année de scolarité (15 ans de moyenne d’âge), a permis de conclure que ce qui ressort le plus dans leur relation avec les mathématiques est le sentiment d’insécurité face au degré de difficulté élevé de cette matière, allié à la reconnaissance de son importance et de son utilité.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Bien sea en los medios de comunicación social o en las conversaciones entre amigos, todo los días nos encontramos con referencias a las matemáticas, más concretamente al fracaso escolar que aquí se registra y a la "aversión" que un conjunto bastante amplio de personas siente por esta disciplina. En el intento de comprender como se construye esta valoración negativa de la materia surge como imperioso el conocimiento de las representaciones sociales de las matemáticas. Un sondeo realizado por cuestionario, aplicado a un segmento de alumnos de 9.º curso (3.º de ESO) del municipio de Lisboa, permitió concluir que lo más destacable en su relación con las matemáticas es el sentimiento de inseguridad ante su elevado nivel de dificultad, que coexiste con el reconocimiento de su importancia y utilidad.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Representações sociais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[matemática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[educação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social representations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mathematics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Représentations sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[mathématiques]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[éducation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Representaciones sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[matemáticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P> <B>REPRESENTA&#199;&#213;ES SOCIAIS DA MATEM&#193;TICA</B> </P>     <p> <B>A bela ou o monstro?</B> </P>     <p>&nbsp;</P>     <p> <I>Madalena Ramos</I><a href="#1">*</a> <a name="top1"></a></P>     <p>&nbsp;</P>     <p><B>Resumo</B></P>     <P><I>Representações sociais da matemática: a bela ou o monstro?</I></P>     <p> Quer seja nos meios de comunica&#231;&#227;o social, quer seja em conversas    ouvidas entre amigos, todos os dias deparamos com refer&#234;ncias &#224; matem&#225;tica,    em particular ao insucesso escolar que a&#237; se regista e &#224; &#147;avers&#227;o&#148;    que um conjunto bastante vasto de pessoas sente por ela. Na tentativa de perceber    como se constr&#243;i esta valoriza&#231;&#227;o negativa da disciplina surge    como imperioso o conhecimento das representa&#231;&#245;es sociais da matem&#225;tica.    Um inqu&#233;rito por question&#225;rio, aplicado a uma amostra de alunos do    9.&#186;&nbsp;ano do concelho de Lisboa, permitiu concluir que aquilo que mais    sobressai na sua rela&#231;&#227;o com a matem&#225;tica &#233; o sentimento    de inseguran&#231;a face ao seu elevado n&#237;vel de dificuldade, que coexiste    com o reconhecimento da sua import&#226;ncia e utilidade. </P>     <p> <U>Palavras-chave</U> Representa&#231;&#245;es sociais, matem&#225;tica, educa&#231;&#227;o.  </P>     <P>&nbsp; </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> <B>Abstract</B></P>     <P><I>The social representations of mathematics: beauty or the beast?</I></P>     <p> Every day, in the media or in conversations among friends, we come across    references to mathematics and, in particular, to the failure in school associated    with it and the &#147;aversion&#148; that a fairly large number of people feel    towards it. For any attempt to understand how this negative assessment of the    subject has built up, knowledge of the social representations of mathematics    appears indispensable. From a questionnaire survey among a sample of 9th grade    pupils in the municipality of Lisbon it was possible to conclude that the salient    characteristic of their relationship with mathematics is that a sense of insecurity    arising from the difficulty of the subject coexists with a recognition of its    importance and usefulness. </P>     <p> <U>Key-words</U> Social representations, mathematics, education. </P>     <p>&nbsp;</P>     <p> <B>R&#233;sum&#233;</B></P>     <P><I>Représentations sociales des mathématiques: la belle ou la bête?</I></P>     <p> Que ce soit dans les m&#233;dias ou dans les conversations entre amis, les    math&#233;matiques reviennent souvent &#224; l&#146;ordre du jour, en particulier    pour &#233;voquer de l&#146;&#233;chec scolaire ou bien l&#146;aversion qu&#146;un    nombre de personnes &#233;prouvent pour cette mati&#232;re. Afin de comprendre    comment se construit cette perception n&#233;gative des math&#233;matiques,    il est essentiel d&#146;en conna&#238;tre les repr&#233;sentations sociales.    Une enqu&#234;te par questionnaire men&#233;e &#224; Lisbonne, aupr&#232;s d&#146;un    &#233;chantillon d&#146;&#233;l&#232;ves en 9 <SUP>&#232;me</SUP> ann&#233;e    de scolarit&#233; (15 ans de moyenne d&#146;&#226;ge), a permis de conclure    que ce qui ressort le plus dans leur relation avec les math&#233;matiques est    le sentiment d&#146;ins&#233;curit&#233; face au degr&#233; de difficult&#233;    &#233;lev&#233; de cette mati&#232;re, alli&#233; &#224; la reconnaissance de    son importance et de son utilit&#233;. </P>     <p> <U>Mots-cl&#233;s</U> Repr&#233;sentations sociales, math&#233;matiques, &#233;ducation.  </P>     <p>&nbsp; </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> <B>Resumen</B> </P>     <P><I>Representaciones sociales de las matemáticas: &iquestla bella o la bestia? </I></P>     <p> Bien sea en los medios de comunicaci&#243;n social o en las conversaciones    entre amigos, todo los d&#237;as nos encontramos con referencias a las matem&#225;ticas,    m&#225;s concretamente al fracaso escolar que aqu&#237; se registra y a la &#147;aversi&#243;n&#148;    que un conjunto bastante amplio de personas siente por esta disciplina. En el    intento de comprender como se construye esta valoraci&#243;n negativa de la    materia surge como imperioso el conocimiento de las representaciones sociales    de las matem&#225;ticas. Un sondeo realizado por cuestionario, aplicado a un    segmento de alumnos de 9.&#186; curso (3.&#186; de ESO) del municipio de Lisboa,    permiti&#243; concluir que lo m&#225;s destacable en su relaci&#243;n con las    matem&#225;ticas es el sentimiento de inseguridad ante su elevado nivel de dificultad,    que coexiste con el reconocimiento de su importancia y utilidad. </P>     <p> <U>Palabras-clave</U> Representaciones sociales, matem&#225;ticas, educaci&#243;n.  </P>     <p>&nbsp;</P>     <p>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><B>Refer&#234;ncias bibliogr&#225;ficas</B> </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p> Bourdieu, P. (1972), <I>Esquisse d&#146;une Th&#233;orie de la Pratique: Pr&#233;c&#233;d&#233; de  Trois &#201;tudes d&#146;Ethnologie Kabyle</I>, Gen&#232;ve, Librairie Droz. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000033&pid=S0873-6529200400030000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> Durkheim, &#201;., e M. Mauss (1968), &#147;De quelques formes primitives de classification:  contribution &#224; l&#146;&#233;tude des repr&#233;sentations collectives&#148;, em Marcel Mauss<I>,  </I><I>&#140;uvres</I>, vol. 2, Paris, Les &#201;ditions de Minuit. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000034&pid=S0873-6529200400030000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> Moscovici, S. (1976), <I>La Psychanalyse, Son Image et Son Public</I>, Paris,  PUF. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000035&pid=S0873-6529200400030000500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> Ramos, M. (2004), <I>Matem&#225;tica: A Bela ou o Monstro? Contributos para uma  An&#225;lise das Representa&#231;&#245;es Sociais da Matem&#225;tica dos Alunos do 9.&#186; ano  de Escolaridade</I>, Lisboa, colec&#231;&#227;o Teses, Associa&#231;&#227;o de Professores de Matem&#225;tica. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000036&pid=S0873-6529200400030000500004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> Schoenfeld, A. H. (1989), &#147;Explorations of student&#146;s mathematical    beliefs and behavior, <I>Journal for Research in Mathematics Education</I>,    4, pp. 338-355. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S0873-6529200400030000500005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>&nbsp;</P>     <p> <a href="#top1">*</a> <a name="1"></a>Madalena Ramos. Departamento de M&#233;todos    Quantitativos. Instituto Superior de Ci&#234;ncias do Trabalho e da Empresa.    <I>E-mail</I>: <a href="mailto:madalena.ramos@iscte.pt">madalena.ramos@iscte.pt    </a></P>     <p>&nbsp;</P>     <p>&nbsp; </P>      ]]></body><back>
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<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[De quelques formes primitives de classification: contribution à l’étude des représentations collectives]]></article-title>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcel]]></given-names>
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<source><![CDATA[Œuvres]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
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